The Chemistry of Organic Molecules Free Essays

THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC MOLECULES I. MACROMOLECULES-enormous particles that are made out of littler particles and iotas that are fortified together. These are among the biggest of every single concoction atom. We will compose a custom article test on The Chemistry of Organic Molecules or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now A. Polymers-the biggest of the macromolecules. These are made out of various, little indistinguishable subunits known as Monomers. There are 4 significant polymers that are significant for living creatures. These polymers are; starches, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. B. Polymers are alluded to as being natural mixes. Natural mixes are exacerbates that contain the components carbon and hydrogen. 1. Synthetic Properties of Carbon a. Carbon has 6 electrons. What is the structure of a carbon iota? b. Carbon can shape 4 single covalent bonds with different molecules. It likewise can shape twofold bonds with certain molecules. By and large, the 4 bonds that carbon structures with different iotas makes the carbon stable. This security is the thing that makes carbon a significant part of macromolecules. C. Utilitarian Groups-gatherings of covalently reinforced particles that have clear compound properties. 1. These consistently respond similarly, paying little heed to what particle they are a piece of. 2. A few polymers have a few practical gatherings. . The specific plan of a useful gathering in an atom significantly impacts and decides the substance properties of the specific particle. 4. Significant Functional Groups: a. Hydroxyl b. Carbonyl c. Carboxyl d. Amino e. Sulfhydryl f. Phosphate D. The Formation and Destruction of Polymers 1. Drying out (Condensation) Reactions-responses in which monomers bond together to deliver polymers. a. Water is lost from the monomers in these responses. 2. Hydrolysis Reactions-responses in which polymers are separated into monomers. a. These responses require a contribution of water to happen. II. 4 MAJOR POLYMERS IN LIVING ORGANISMS A. Sugars B. Lipids C. Proteins D. Nucleic Acids III. Starches incorporates sugars and related mixes. A. Starches are made out of three significant components: B. Sugars will in general be solid mixes because of the nearness of carbon-hydrogen covalent bonds. C. Starches fill in as a significant wellspring of vitality for living cells. A few sugars likewise fill in as auxiliary mixes in living cells. D. 3 Classes of Carbohydrates 1. Monosaccharides-straightforward sugars a. These fill in as monomers for a considerable lot of the bigger sugars. b. Basically, these fill in as rings or chains. c. Kinds of Monosaccharides 1. Glucose-C6H12O6 a. Fills in as a significant vitality hotspot for living cells. 2. Fructose a. Isomers-mixes with similar particles and a similar number of iotas at the same time, that have various structures. Glucose and fructose are isomers of one another. 2. Dissacharides-sugars that are made out of 2 monosaccharides that are covalently fortified together. These are shaped by drying out responses. a. Kinds of Disaccharides 1. Sucrose 2. Lactose 3. Maltose 3. Polysaccharides-sugars that are made out of multiple monosaccharides that are ovalently reinforced together. These are frequently enormous atoms. a. What sorts of responses are these framed by? b. Sorts of Polysaccharides 1. Starch-a put away type of glucose in plant cells. Plants can utilize starch for vitality under critical crossroads or stress. Amylose is a typical starch. 2. Cellulose-makes up the cell mass of plant cells. This is a thick, defensi ve polysaccharide. Numerous creatures don't contain the required catalysts to separate this compound. Deer, cows and a couple of different creatures have uncommon microbes in their stomachs that help condensation and breakdown cellulose. 3. Glycogen-the capacity type of glucose in creature cells. Numerous creatures can change over glycogen into glucose under critical crossroads or stress. This glucose would then be able to be utilized as a vitality source. Glycogen is put away in the liver and in some muscle strands. 4. Chitin-a basic polysaccharide found in growths and creepy crawlies. This is additionally a thick, defensive compound. IV. LIPIDS-incorporates fats, oils and waxes. A. All lipids are insoluble in water. 1. I don't get this' meaning? B. Elements of Lipids in Living Organisms: C. Structure of a Typical Lipid 1. Lipids are made out of 2 significant parts: . Glycerol-a 3 carbon liquor. 1) Hydroxyl bunches attach to every one of the carbon particles in glycerol. 2) Glycerol fills in as the significant spine unit for most lipids. b. Unsaturated fats 1) Three unsaturated fat atoms connect to glycerol to frame a lipid. Every unsaturated fat replaces the hydrogen particle on the hydroxyl gatherings of the glycerol atom. Because of this, there is one unsaturated fat clung to every carbon particle of the glycerol atom. a) Due to this course of action, lipids are regularly alluded to as triglycerides. 2) Saturated fats-happen when the unsaturated fat gatherings contain single covalent onds between their carbon iotas. There are no carbon to carbon twofold bonds in these. an) at the end of the day, the carbon particles are soaked with however many hydrogen molecules as could be expected under the circumstances. b) These are known as creature fats are solids at room temperature. c) Are these awful for us? 3) Unsaturated fats-happen when unsaturated fats contain twofold securities between their carbon molecules. These are regularly alluded to as vegetable oils. a) Polyunsaturated fats-b) These kinds of fats are fluids at room temperature. D. Kinds of Lipids 1. Phospholipids-contain just 2 unsaturated fat tails. These are found in cell layers. They have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails. 2. Waxes-fill in as defensive covers over surfaces. 3. Hormones-synthetic substances that direct the development and working of living beings. 4. Steroids-there are a few unique sorts of steroids: a. Cholesterol-normal steroid. 1) Humans do require a modest quantity of cholesterol for: a) The development of Vitamin D b) The creation of estrogen and testosterone 2) Cholesterol is helped through the human body by 2 proteins that are found in the human circulatory system: a) Low-thickness Lipoprotein (LDL)- this protein is liable for elivering cholesterol to body cells and tissues where it is required. This is frequently alluded to as the â€Å"bad cholesterol. † b) High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)- this protein expels cholesterol from cells and tissues and transports it to the liver where it is emitted into bile. This is generally known as â€Å"good cholesterol. † 1) Bile-aggravate that is emitted by the liver that guides in processing. Bile is additionally a waste item that is discharged from the body. It contains greasy squanders and it is discharged by means of excrement. 3) Cholesterol in the human eating regimen comes just from creature items. ) Normal Cholesterol Readings in youthful people ought to be around 180mg/dl. This ascents to 230-250 mg/dl as people age. 5) A significant issue identifying with cholesterol is the LDL/HDL Ratio. an) A high HDL esteems guarantees that cholesterol is expelled from body tissues in a satisfactory manner. b) A low HDL esteems demonstrates that cholesterol evacuation isn't happening as it should. c) If cholesterol isn't expelled from the body, it can shape plaques or stores in the supply routes of the body. This is a significant reason for coronary illness and respiratory failure. 6) How can an individual increment their HDL levels? b. Anabolic Steroids 1) These steroids are thought to build bulk. 2) Side Effects of Steroid Use Include: c. Not all steroids are awful. Some are utilized to treat sensitivities and other human sicknesses. These steroids don't cause the reactions referenced previously. V. PROTEINS A. Elements of Proteins in Living Organisms 1. Make up cell layers 2. Make up catalysts 3. In collagen-protein that gives quality and backing to structures in the body. 4. In keratin-a thick, defensive protein. 5. Transport-some protein help different materials through the body. A model would be hemoglobin. 6. Safeguard proteins are in antibodies. 7. Proteins make up the contractile bit of human muscle. The major contractile proteins are actin and myosin. B. Proteins are found in and are fundamental for the two plants and creatures. C. Protein Structure 1. Proteins are made out of numerous amino acids that are reinforced together. 2. Peptide Bonds-3. Chains of fortified amino acids are regularly alluded to as polypeptides. 4. What connects amino acids together? 5. Amino Acids-there are 20 normally happening amino acids. They can bond in an assortment of arrangements to deliver proteins. a. General Structure of an Amino Acid: . Some regular amino acids include: phenylalanine, tryptophan, asparagine 6. Proteins can happen as basic chains or they can show complex structures. 7. Denaturation-a. What can make denaturation happen? VI. NUCLEIC ACIDS A. These are made out of nucleotides that are covalently reinforced together. What shapes these bonds? B. Singular Nucleotides Contain: 1. A 5 Carbon Sugar 2. A Phosphate bunch 3. A Nitrogen-containing base C. Kinds of Nucleic Acids: 1. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)- 2. Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)- 3. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)- 4. Coenzymes-VII. MACROMOLECULES AND THEIR MONOMERS Step by step instructions to refer to The Chemistry of Organic Molecules, Essay models

Franklin D. Roosevelt vs. Barack Obama

Franklin D. Roosevelt versus Barack Obama The economy of the 1930s was a staggering budgetary circumstance that the American open will always remember. Notwithstanding, this doesn’t imply that history will stop to rehash itself. The political approaches of Franklin Delano Roosevelt are frequently recognized for the help of our country’s sadness and some of which are still as a result today. To maintain a strategic distance from our present downturn, will Barack Obama decide to base his approaches off of FDR’s with the expectation that a similar arrangement will work twice?There are a few similitudes and contrasts between the political activity today and the activity during the Great Depression. Inside simply the initial 99 days of his political decision as President, Roosevelt’s New Deal was placed without hesitation with the help of Congress. The New Deal was proposed to help calm the individuals who were jobless or at risk for losing their homes and reco up farming and business. Projects, for example, the Tennessee Valley Authority, Social Security, and Medicare were made in view of Roosevelt’s activity in the Great Depression.Herbert Hoover, the previous president, didn't feel that administration spending ought to be offered straightforwardly to residents. He accepted that ‘helping’ the American individuals along these lines would really hurt their assurance and cause them to turn out to be increasingly similar to a communist country. Certain thoughts, for example, implementing fixed estimating, controlling organizations, and controlling the estimation of money were proposed and immediately declined by Hoover who accepted all were Socialist thoughts. In spite of the fact that numerous individuals considered Hoover to be an insidious man that would not part with government cash, he was entirely precise with his predictions.For model, Welfare, which is a program utilized today that was made in the New Deal, is reg ularly abused today by individuals who are fit for working, however are excessively lethargic to really make their own salary source. I accept that a great deal of Americans today are coddled as a result of the legislature ‘help’ that they get. In spite of the fact that Roosevelt helped in the Great Depression, his transitory thoughts were transformed into changeless arrangements that have caused new harms today. Presently our present President is constrained with the choice to either assist people in general with impermanent thoughts like Roosevelt’s or post for what is best for our future like Hoover.It’s not a simple choice. Barack Obama has had an effect in our economy in regions like Franklin Roosevelt. He has made employments and bundles, as Obamacare, that he accepts will support American residents. Obama helped rescue the auto businesses like how Roosevelt helped rescue the banks during the downturn. Notwithstanding, Barack passed the Wall Street R eform (which helped the American monetary framework be not so much befuddling but rather more clear) to ensure that we could never need to rescue the banks again.Barack has additionally killed tax cuts for organizations who transport abroad to attempt to elevate American organizations to make more occupations for the residents who are here. In his term, Obama has included more than 479,000 occupations which is the most development we’ve had in 10 years. He has spoken ordinarily on how he intends to manufacture â€Å"from the white collar class out† as opposed to starting from the top. Our white collar class is of high significance to Barack and along these lines, he has increased an enormous help from the public.It appears that our present president has taken a couple of thoughts from Roosevelt with the additional alert of the not so distant. Our nation looks like it’s headed the correct way, yet we may never know whether the assistance gave will be brief until we live through it. As residents, it would be the best for us to figure out how to live all alone without the assistance of our legislature. If we somehow managed to turn out to be excessively subject to our government assistance checks or standardized savings, at that point we could wind up being controlled as opposed to overseeing ourselves.The best arrangement would to be to set aside our cash and take a stab at what we do. In spite of the fact that it might appear that there are no occupations accessible to us right now, we do need to believe that the organizations around us will see it better to give household employments instead of sending them abroad. In spite of the fact that I don’t completely concur with how Franklin D. Roosevelt attempted to comprehend the Great Depression, I need to concede that what he did he thought he was accomplishing generally advantageous. Extraordinary presidents like Obama, Roosevelt, and even Hoover are incredible on the grounds that they consider us and not themselves.

Book Riots Deals of the Day for February 10, 2020

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Definition and Examples of Preterit(e) Verbs

In traditional grammar, the preterit(e)  is the simple past tense of the verb, such as walked or said.  In English, the preterit(e) is typically formed by adding the suffix -ed or -t to the base form of a verb. This form is sometimes referred to as the dental preterit(e). The term is usually spelled preterit in American English, preterite in British English. Examples ofPreterit(e) Verbs They  jumped and laughed and  pointed at the solemn guards.(Terry Goodkind, Temple of the Winds, 1997)I removed the crucible from the wire stand and  poured the  silver. Some of the metal ran into the mold, some of it spilled over the outside, and some of it adhered to the crucible.(John Adair,  The Navajo and Pueblo Silversmiths, 1944)We  climbed  the mountain sides, and  clambered  among sagebrush, rocks and snow.(Mark Twain,  Roughing It, 1872)Ben snatched the squash from her, sprinted across the living room, tripped over a toy hed left there and  spilt the  entire contents of the glass over the sofa.(Sarah Morgan,  The Christmas Marriage Rescue, 2015)I ate his liver with some fava beans and a nice chianti.  Ã‚  (Anthony Hopkins as Hannibal Lecter in The Silence of the Lambs, 1991)  During many of the group sessions, the women and I painted, glued, cut, pasted, talked, listened, ate, drank, laughed, cried, and engaged in collaborative processes of ref lection and action.​(Alice McIntyre, Women in Belfast: How Violence Shapes Identity. Praeger Publishers, 2004) Backshifting Tense [Another] use of the preterite shows up in indirect reported speech. Notice the contrast between has and had in this pair. [37i] Kim has blue eyes. [original utterance: present tense][37ii] I told Stacy that Kim had blue eyes. [indirect report: preterite] If I say [i] to Stacy, I can use [ii] as an indirect report to tell you what I said to Stacy. Im repeating the content of what I said to Stacy, but not the exact wording. My utterance to Stacy contained the present tense form has, but my report of it contains preterite had. Nonetheless, my report is entirely accurate. This kind of change in tense is referred to as backshift. The most obvious cases of backshift are with verbs of reporting that are in the preterite, like told or said. (Rodney Huddleston and Geoffrey K. Pullum, A Students Introduction to English Grammar. Cambridge University Press, 2006) The Preterite and the Present-Perfect - [W]ith most verbs the difference between the form of the present perfect and the form of the preterite is slight in present-day English, especially in informal speech, which explains why in a long-term perspective the distinction may eventually be lost. . . . Reference to distinct past time without any obvious kind of anchoring has emerged as an area where usage is far from settled in present-day English. The selection of the preterite in such cases appears to be on the increase . . ..(Johan Elsness, The Perfect and the Preterite in Contemporary and Earlier English. Mouton de Gruyter, 1997)- [T]he systematic marking of perfect aspect in LModE [Late Modern English] has partially relieved the simple Preterite of its burden of indicating past time. Since perfectivity implies the completion of an event prior to the actual time of utterance, a Present Perfect form carries an automatic implication of pastness. The actual point of completion in past time may be very close, as in (18), or vaguely more distant, as in (19). (18) Ive just eaten my dinner.(19) John Keegan has written a history of war. . . . [T]he growing acceptability of the vague degree of pastness in sentences such as (19) indicates that LModE may be starting on the road that led the Perfect to replace the Simple Past in a number of Romance languages. (Jacek Fisiak, Language History and Linguistic Modelling. Mouton de Gruyter, 1997) EtymologyFrom the Latin, to go by Pronunciation: PRET-er-it Also Known As: simple-past tense Alternate Spellings: preterite

Stuarts Reconnaissance Ride around McClellan during the...

Stuarts reconnaissance ride around McClellan during the Peninsular Campaign One of the boldest actions of Maj. Gen. James Ewell Brown Stuart under the leadership of Robert E. Lee was his effort to make a complete circuit around the Union Army, heading to the north end of the lower peninsula (near the York River) and returning to Richmond along the James. . Allowing Stuart to make this move was one of the first decisions of Robert E. Lee, who had just replaced the more cautious Gen. Joseph E. Johnston as the leader of the Confederates. In the aftermath of the inconclusive battle, led by Johnson Lee suspected that the right flank of McClellans army was in the air not anchored to any natural formation, and thus vulnerable to attack. To be certain, he decided to send Stuart to reconnoiter. Stuarts proposal to entirely circumnavigate the Union forces was not a conventional wartime strategy; nor was it considered prudent. But the possibility of such a grand symbolic maneuver appealed mightily to the boisterous Confederate [Lee]: it would make the Army of the Potomac seem ponderous and ineffectual and the Confederates dashing and invincible even though logic suggested a smaller force, capable of moving quickly, was preferred. To confuse the Union troops, on the first day of the expedition Stuart rode north on the Brooke Turnpike before turning north at Turners Tavern in hopes of giving the Yanks the impression he was off to support Stonewall Jacksons approach

Public Speaking Free Essays

ADD 1102- PUBLIC SPEAKING (ASSIGNMENT 1) ASSIGNMENT ONE PROPSAL –FOR INFORMATIVE SPEECH ID-I07006815 Proposal For Speech on the Effects OF Holly Wood Movies On The Youths. I am going to give a speech on the Effects of Holly Wood Movies on the Youths. My purpose of this speech is to alert youths around the world to know the negativity of watching Holly Wood movies. We will write a custom essay sample on Public Speaking or any similar topic only for you Order Now My age bracket I call the youth in this presentation is from the age of 15 to the age of 25, 26 years old youths These are some of the negativity of watching Holly Wood Movies- * Violence This is one of the really important negativity of Holly Wood movies, Violence scenes are shown in Holly Wood movies, teaching the general public of violence and the youths are mostly the affected ones in this case, since they are still growing up, they can be easily influenced by these movies example of movies with violent contents are a. Scarface, Terminator series, etc Most of these movies contain scenes of killing, gangster way of living, using weapons, guns, knives, usually when young adults, youths see these movies they will follow and imitate their behavior, because they just think its cool. Eroticism Most Holly Wood movies have Erotic scenes, such as bareness and sex, many problems such as porno, coprology, canal’s and One-night love has emerged and became prevalent. Everybody knows that it is a moral backwardness of the society. It also leads to the growth of divorce rate. This makes the smallest cell of the society family insecure, displaced and transitory. This affec ts the youth they watch these erotic scenes and they see sexual scenes and as youths they want to try new things so they watch this movies and try to do or act what they see on the movies. This can lead to bad morals, and can lead to unwanted pregnancies, abortion etc. * Unrealistic contents Holly wood movies contain unrealistic contents, Hollywood is never going to show the public a real life situation from scene one to the final scene; this would not be creative, it would not sell, so they manipulate the story line and characters to make things more interesting to their way of thinking. So to make profit This affects the youths because they think life is that easy and fun fill and they follow what they see in these movies * Shows bad habits (Smoking) In a 1999 survey of more than 4,900 school children aged nine to fifteen in Vermont and New Hampshire, those who had been exposed to more incidents of smoking in the films they recalled seeing were much more likely to have tried smoking (even after adjusting for other factors associated with smoking and smoking initiation or experimentation). The kids were asked which of 50 movies from a randomly chosen list of recent movies they had seen,and only 4. 9 percent of kids who had seen zero to 50 incidences of smoking in the movies they had seen from that sample had tried smoking, compared to 13. percent who had seen 51 to 100 incidences of smoking, 22. 1 percent who had seen 101 to 150, and 31. 3 percent who had seen more than 150. In other words, those with the heaviest exposure to smoking through the movies they attended were more than two and a half times more likely to have tried smoking than those with the least exposure to smoking in movies. Conclusion I think Holly Wood movies are bad influences on the youths, thou it has good aspects too, like help people to know a little more about History and also can gain knowledge too in some aspects. I suggest the directors and producers of these Holly Wood Movies should try to change the theme of there movies and try to stop sending out the wrong message to the general public or try to make strict restrictions of some movies to some certain age of people cinemas should be more strict. Mostly reduce the sexual scenes, try to be more realistic and try not to send the wrong message across. Try restrictions of some movies to some certain age of people. I think this would help to reduce or help the youth and reduce all this wrong messages sent. Thank you. How to cite Public Speaking, Papers Public Speaking Free Essays OUTLINE FOR SPEAKING TO INFORM (SPEECHES ABOUT CONCEPTS) NAME| 😠 ZULAIKHA BINTI AHMAD ABDULLAH| SUBJECT – SUBJECT CODE| 😠 PUBLIC SPEAKING – UBE 2023| SEMESTER| 😠 4. 0| SESSION| 😠 2012/2013(2)| KULLIYYAH| 😠 KULLIYYAH SYARIAH UNDANG-UNDANG| TITLE| 😠 HEALTHY AND ACTIVE LIFESTYLE| PROGRAMME STRUCTURE / GROUP| 😠 ISMSY_SYA 7| OUTLINE FOR SPEAKING TO INFORM * Topic: Healthy and active lifestyle. * General purpose: To inform (speech about concepts). We will write a custom essay sample on Public Speaking or any similar topic only for you Order Now * Specific purpose: To inform my audient about healthy and active lifestyle. Central idea: There are three ways to be healthy and active lifestyle are take balance meal, sleep enough every day and importance of exercise to make human healthy and more active. Introduction I. The goal of my speech is to inform you about healthy and active lifestyle . Most of us hardly think healthy and active lifestyle is very importance but do we in healthy and active lifestyle. The definition of healthy and active lifestyle from oxford dictionaries healthy is in a good physical or mental condition, active meaning engaging or ready to engage in physically energetic pursuits and lifestyle is the way in which a person lives. II. A healthy lifestyle leaves you fit, energetic and reduced risk for disease, based on the choices you make about your daily habits. III. Developing a healthy lifestyle for children as early as possible is important, but it is never too late to make positive lifestyle changes. Good nutrition and plenty of physical activity can help prevent obesity and diabetes in children, as well provide a good foundation for muscle and bone development. Healthy children are more alert and have more energy. Healthy lifestyles for children start with the family, parents are role models and activities that families do together have a big impact on children. IV. Today I will introduce you to three ways to be healthy and active lifestyle are take balance meal, sleep enough every day and importance of exercise to make human healthy and more active. (Transition: Let’s start by looking at healthy and active lifestyle) Body I. Firstly, one big step to be healthy is taking a take balance meal. A. A healthy diet includes a variety of foods from the various food groups. A healthy diet includes at least 4. 5 cups of fruits and vegetables, 3 cups of dairy and 3 oz. of whole grains daily. Fish, poultry and vegetarian proteins should be eaten more often than red meat. Use unsaturated fats, such as olive or safflower oil, more than saturated fats for cooking, dressing and baking. A healthy diet also limits processed and fast foods high in added sugars, sodium and Tran’s fats. * ?†¦.. ? ? , ? )Al-Araf: 31) Translation from Al-Quran:   eat and drink but waste not by extravagance, certainly He (Allah) likes not  Al-Musrifun  (those who waste by extravagance). * We can refer the eating pyramided : B. A healthy diet can reduce risk for disease. Following a healthy, balanced diet can help you to maintain a healthy weight, lower your cholesterol and reduce your risk for disease. Choose high fiber, lower fat foods and 5-10 servings of fruit and vegetables every day. Balance your daily meals with foods from the four food groups described in  Canada’s Food Guide to Healthy Eating. * According to the latest study to investigate whether diet can r educe heart attack and  stroke  among those who are trying to avoid second or third events and are already taking medications to control blood pressure and  cholesterol. In the largest-ever of its kind, published in the journal  Circulation, a group of international researchers say  healthy eating  can have an added beneficial effect on the heart on top of the influence of heart-protecting medications. â€Å"We encourage everyone to eat healthy. But especially high-risk patients, we want them to know: Take your medication, but modify your diet as well,† says lead study author Mahshid Dehghan, a researcher at the Population Health Research Institute in Hamilton, ON, in  Canada, one of the centers involved in the study. Some people think that if medication lowers their blood pressure, healthy eating doesn’t matter. We want them to know that this is wrong,† she says C. Drink enough water is importance. Water is your body’s principal chemical component and makes up about 60 percent of your body weight. Every system in your body depends on water. For example, water flushes toxins out of vital organs, carries nutrients to your cells and provides a moist environment for ear, nose and throat tissues. * Everyone has heard the advice, â€Å"Drink eight 8-ounce glasses of water a day. † That is about 1. liters, which isn’t that different from the Institute of Medicine recommendations. Although the â€Å"8 by 8† rule isn’t supported by hard evidence, it remains popular because it’s easy to remember. Just keep in mind that the rule should be reframed as: â€Å"Drink at least eight 8-ounce glasses of fluid a day,† because all fluids count toward the daily total. * Every day you lose water through your breath, perspiration, urine and bowel movements. For your body to function properly, you must replenish its water supply by consuming beverages and foods that contain water. So how much fluid does the average, healthy adult living in a temperate climate need? The Institute of Medicine determined that an adequate intake (AI) for men is roughly 3 liters (about 13 cups) o f total beverages a day. The AI for women is 2. 2 liters (about 9 cups) of total beverages a day. (Transition: Let’s start by looking how much hours we need to sleep every night) II. Secondly, sleep enough every day. A. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommends that most adults get about seven to eight hours of sleep each night. B. A good night’s sleep can actually leave you feeling positive and upbeat. * In fact people who suffer from regular sleep disturbances are three times more likely to experience low mood compared to people who sleep well, according to the Great British Sleep Survey, conducted by Sleepier, an organization dedicated to helping people sleep better. C. Sleep can make human more energy and fresh our body and mind. * Example: We face a lot of pressure and sleep can realize our tension and depression. (Transition: Lastly, let’s start by looking the importance of exercise to our healthy) III. Thirdly, importance of exercise to our healthy and more active. A. Exercise can reduce excess fats and toxics. * Examples: Jogging, playing badminton, running, walking is example of exercise. B. Regular daily exercise accelerates the body’s natural detoxification mechanisms. * Physical activity increases blood circulation throughout the body allowing important nutrients to effectively reach our cells, tissue, organs, and muscles. Lymph fluid (part of the immune system) will also circulate more efficiently increasing the body’s ability to kill pathogens and remove toxins. C. Exercise flushes metabolic waste and other harmful substances from our cells, and vital organs are cleansed. * Toxins can then be eliminated through the various bodily pathways. * Exercise can fit our body and can get ideal weight. Conclusion I. As we have seen, our responsible to take care our healthy. II. Most importance and valuable are healthy and active lifestyle. III. If we rich in property but we are not health , there are no use anymore. We can be healthy and active lifestyle ,say yes we can. How to cite Public Speaking, Papers Public Speaking Free Essays Vocabulary Learning Strategies There are numerous different classification systems for vocabulary learning strategies. Several common used are listed at the following. Gu and Johnson (1996) developed a classification of vocabulary learning strategies that are beliefs about vocabulary learning, metacognitive regulation, guessing strategies, dictionary strategies, note-taking strategies, memory strategies (rehearsal), memory strategies (encoding) and activation strategies. We will write a custom essay sample on Public Speaking or any similar topic only for you Order Now Schmitt (1997) took advantage of Rebecca Oxford’s (1990, p. 4) classification of learning strategies containing memory strategies, cognitive strategies, metacognitive strategies, and social strategies, and the Discover/Consolidation distinctions suggested by Cook and Mayer to propose an extensive taxonomy of vocabulary learning strategies. It can be divided into two classes. Five groups are included in these two classes. I. Strategies are used for the discovery of a new word’s meaning Determination strategies (DET): the strategies are used to discover a new word’s meaning without recourse to another’s expertise when learners don’t know a word. For instance, learners can use a dictionary, analyze any available pictures or gestures or guess meaning from textual context. Social strategies (SOC): the strategies are employed to ask someone who knows. Learners can ask teacher or classmates about information in a variety of ways, such as a synonym, paraphrase, or L1 translation of new word. II. Strategies are used for consolidating a word once it has been encountered Social strategies (SOC): they can also be employed to consolidate learned words by interacting with other people like studying and practicing meaning in a group. Memory strategies (MEM): the strategies (traditionally known as mnemonics) involve connecting the word to be retained with some previously learned knowledge, using some form of imagery, or grouping. A new word can be integrated into many kinds of existing knowledge (i. e. previous experiences or known words) or images can be custom-made for retrieval (i. e. images of the word’s form or meaning attributes). (1) Picture/imagery: Learners study new words with pictures of their meaning instead of definition. (2) Related words: New words can linked to L2 words that the student already knows. Usually this involves some type of sense relationship, such as coordination (blue – other kinds of color like red, purple or white), synonymy (beautiful-pretty), or antonym (dead-alive). (3) Unrelated words: Learners can also link words together that have no sense relationships. One way of doing this is with â€Å"peg† or â€Å"hook† words. One first memorizes a rhyme like â€Å"one is a bun, two is a shoe, three is a tree etc. † Then an image is created of the word to be remembered is chair, then an image is made of a bun (peg word) resting on a chair. Recitation of the rhyme draws up these images, which in turn prompt the target words. (4) Grouping: It is an important way to aid recall, and people seem to organize words into groups naturally without prompting. (5) Word’s orthographical or phonological form: It involves focusing on the target word’s orthographical or phonological form to facilitate recall. One can explicitly study the spelling or pronunciation of a word. Other options are to visualize the orthographical form of a word in an attempt to remember it, or to make a mental representation of the sound of a word, perhaps making use of rhyming words. The Keyword Method entails a learner finding a L1 word which sounds like the target L2 word, i. e. the English word cat for the Japanese word katana (sword). Then an image combing the two concepts is created, such as a samurai cat waving a sword. When the L2 word is later heard, the sound similarity invokes the created image which prompts the L2 word’s meaning. (6) Other memory strategies: There are other useful ways of consolidating its meaning, such as analyzing a word’s affixes, root, and word class. One way of increasing one’s vocabulary is to analyze and learn the individual words of these chunks, and then use the whole chunk (if it is transparent enough) as a mnemonic device for remembering the individual word meanings. In addition, the use of physical action can also facilitate language recall. Cognitive strategies (COG): The strategies are similar to memory strategies, but are not focused so specifically on manipulative mental processing. They include repetition and using mechanical means to study vocabulary. Another kind of cognitive strategy is using study aids. Taking notes in class invites learners to create their own personal structure for newly learned words, and also offers the chance for additional exposure during review. Metacognitive strategies (MET): Students used the strategies to control and evaluate their learning, behaving an overview of the learning process in general. Table 1 A Simple Taxonomy of Vocabulary Learning Strategies Vocabulary Learning Strategy (VLS)| 1. Strategies for the discovery of a new word’s meaning| 2. Strategies for consolidating a word once it has been encountered | Determination strategies (DET)| Social strategies (SOC)| Social strategies (SOC)| Memory strategies (MEM)| | Cognitive strategies (COG)| | Metacognitive strategies (MET)| Table 2 A Taxonomy of Vocabulary Learning Strategies (Schmitt, 1997, p. 207-8) Taxonomy of Schmitt’s Vocabulary Learning Strategies Strategy Group Strategies for discovering the meaning of a new word DET Analyze part of speech DET Analyze affixes and roots DET Check for L1 cognate DET Analyze any available pictures or gestures DET Guess from textual context DET Bilingual dictionary DET Monolingual dictionaries DET Word lists DET Flash cards SOC Ask teacher for L1 translation SOC Ask teacher for paraphrase or synonym of new word SOC Ask teacher for a sentence including the new word SOC Ask classmates for meaning SOC Discover new meaning through group work activity Strategies for consolidating a word once it has been encountered SOC Study and practice meaning in a group SOC Teacher checks students’ flash cards word lists for accuracy SOC Interact with native-speakers MEM Study word with a pictorial representation of its meaning MEM Image word’s meaning MEM Connect word to a personal experience MEM Associate the word with its coordinates MEM Connect the word to its synonyms and antonyms MEM Use semantic maps MEM Use ‘scales’ for gradable adjectives MEM Peg Method MEM Loci Method MEM Group words together to study them MEM Group words together spatially on a page MEM Use new word in sentences MEM Group words together within a storyline MEM Study the spelling of a word MEM Study the sound of a word Table 2 (continued) MEM Say new word aloud when studying MEM Image word form MEM Underline initial letter of the word MEM Configuration MEM Use Key word Method MEM Affixes and roots MEM Part of speech MEM Paraphrase the word’s meaning MEM Use cognates in study MEM Learn the words of idiom together MEM Use physical action when learning a word MEM Use semantic feature grids COG Verbal repetition COG Written repetition COG Word lists COG Flash cards COG Take notes in class COG Use the vocabulary section in your textbook COG Listen to tape of word lists COG Put English labels on physical objects COG Keep a vocabulary note book MET Use English-language media (songs, movies, newscast, etc. ) MET Testing oneself with word tests MET Use spaced word practice MET Skip or pass new word MET Continue to study over time How to cite Public Speaking, Papers

UFO Kinds Essays - Ufologists, Alien Abduction Phenomenon

UFO Kinds Ever since US Air Force Pilot Kenneth Arnold coined the term Flying Saucer, on 24th June 1947, after allegedly encountering nine disk shaped objects while out flying over the Cascade Mountains, the world wide sightings of such objects, has increased logarithmically. By 1957 the furor over UFO sightings showed no sign of abating and the sightings had now been awarded levels of classification by US Astronomer, Allen. J. Hynek. Hynek created three categories for UFO encounters: Close encounters of the first kind: nocturnal lights, daylight disks, the second kind: Physical affects left by UFOs, marks on the ground, car engines stalling and finally close encounters of the third kind: the actual witnessing of beings emerging from their craft. But on September 20th 1961, the categorization of this phenomena took on a fourth dimension when Betty and Barney Hill claimed while driving home one night, they were allegedly abducted by alien beings. The Hills were the first individuals in modern history to state publicly that they had been abducted by extraterrestrial beings, leading to a new era, with reports of alien abductions occurring world wide. But to be abducted whilst outdoors like the Hills is considered to be extremely rare, with almost all cases being reported at night, while the abductee was in bed and without any independent witness corroboration. The description of the alleged alien abductors varied widely throughout the world but in the last ten years or so the descriptions of the abductors have become almost indistinguishable. Therefore, the object of this project is to try and establish the possibility that a minority of the human race, could conceivably be being abducted from their beds at night, by a super intelligent race of extraterrestrial beings or do these people just perceive that they have been abducted and there is a more down to earth answer for the abduction phenomena. The first part of this project contends that alien beings do not come from out a-space but a lot more closer to home or more specifically inside the human brain. The project's debate, is that the reason behind the vast majority of abduction cases might be temporal lobe epilepsy, epilepsy which triggers a condition known as hypnogogic sleep disorder. When a person is in the midst of hypnogogic sleep they are almost always completely paralyzed and suffer hypnopompic hallucinations, hallucinations which give the sufferer the impression of a presence around their beds with the secondary effect of floating. When a person reaches this stage of the hallucination they then interpret it as being an alien abduction experience. The project will then look at outside influences that might trigger temporal lobe epilepsy, influences like electrical trauma and or electromagnetic fields, fields that are higher in density in more areas than others, areas that are located close to radio masts and electricity pylons. The essay will then look at Dr. Michael Persinger's experiments with electromagnetic fields experiments were Persinger was able to recreate hypnogogic type hallucinations. The next part of the project will then debate, that a section of the human race is being systematically taken from the planet, for reasons that are not clear. It will tell of the advantages of night time abductions and tell of an exceptionally rare case of an abduction with multiple and credible witness. The project will then reveal the striking similarities of alleged alien beings and the mythical beings portrayed throughout different cultures, similarities that are particularly evident within the prophetic messages given to these said cultures by their gods from the stars. The second part of the debate will close by putting forward a theory for the attention we seem to be receiving from our extraterrestrial inquisitors, suggesting that the emergence of the human race into the nuclear age, might in part be responsible. The aim of chapter three, is to analyze and evaluate it's primary sources of research (Questionnaire and Little Gray Man Experiment) looking at the statistics and their relationship to the alien abduction phenomena. The project will then give an interpretation of the findings, starting with the questionnaire, revealing that there is a pattern throughout the questionnaire, a pattern showing that the vast majority of people are willing to believe in un-provable beliefs. The interpretation of the little gray man experiment, helps to demonstrate the power of the media and the influence it has in giving people preconceived ideas of what an alien life form might look like, which might explain why people nearly always see the same being. Chapter three will then examine the relationship between the mass media and