Letter A Coloring Book - Free Printable Pages

Verbal Communication And Nonverbal Communication - 1235 Words

Communication is a natural thing that we as human beings do every day whether we speak or not. There is two different types’ verbal communication and nonverbal communication. Verbal communication is when we communicate using words exchange in the form of speech in writing or oral. Nonverbal communication does not use words for exchange a message. We use body language, facial expressions, sign language, and eye contact among a few things (Adler, Elmhorst, Lucas, 2013). Verbal Communication Verbal communication is the most effective form of communication. With verbal communication you are able to exchange information rapidly and receive feedback faster. There will be fewer chances to misunderstand†¦show more content†¦For example, employees may be given a presentation from the human resources department on new policies and procedures. Formal communication can also flow horizontally across the organization, unlike vertical communication that involves communication betwe en a higher and lower level of an organizational hierarchy, horizontal communication occurs between two parts of the organization at the same level (Adler, et. al, 2013). Not all communication in an organization is formal. Informal communication is communication between employees outside the formal communication structure of the company. While the subject of informal communication can be business related, but it does not need to be. One would refer to it as water cooler talk (Adler, et. al, 2013). Nonverbal Communication One of the important components of communicating is nonverbal communication. Nonverbal communication makes up two-thirds of all communication between two people or between one speaker and a group of listeners. Most people are more likely to believe the first thing that they hear as true. When some people are listening, and absorbing the message they are focused on the entire environment around them using their five senses in the interaction. Body language has been around before we had verbal communication. Sight makes up 83% of impact on the brain for information. Taste makes up 1%, hearing makes upShow MoreRelatedï » ¿Verbal communication and nonverbal communication1374 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Verbal communication and nonverbal communication What Is the Meaning of Verbal Communication? Verbal communication is an act of conveying messages, ideas, or feelings through the use of mouth. Verbal communication is the main way of communicating face-to-face. Among the key components of the verbal communication are words, sound, speaking, and language. 9 effective forms of Verbal Communication 1. Read more – Simply increasing what you read (business texts, novels, newspapers etc) canRead MoreVerbal Communication : Nonverbal Communication905 Words   |  4 PagesBusiness communication is a skill not everyone has; it is however something that can be learned. Many people think of only verbal skills when working on their business communication; however some forget how nonverbal cues can affect a message. Nonverbal communication can make or break a business conversation. If a potential partner interprets nonverbal communication conveying a different message than the verbal does it can lead to complications when trying to close an opportunity. As the world hasRead MoreVerbal Communication : Verbal And Nonverbal Communication1274 Words   |  6 Pagesprepared *Feedback given *Communication needed *Message understood *Message interpreted *Message sent * Message receive For a good communication we need to have the following: ââ€"  sender – the person who start a conversation ââ€"  message – what another person involved in communication will received ââ€"  medium –the way we can communicate by using for example the phone, computer, erc. ââ€"  collector – the person who can collect the message and send it to people involved in communication ââ€"  understanding – theRead MoreVerbal Communication : Nonverbal Communication1428 Words   |  6 Pages The real communication is just based on the words we communicate with each other to deliver our messages and intentions. However, after taking this class it is quite clear to me that communication is not just verbal communication but nonverbal as well. After taking this course, I have become able to understand the nonverbal aspects in each and every communication, I use to encounter with or actions I use to see or experience. This course lets me understood that nonverbal communication covers severalRead MoreVerbal Communication And Nonverbal Communication831 Words   |  4 Pagesnot? 2. How has the use of the Internet and text messaging affected the verbal communication and nonverbal communication exchanged in relationships? 3. Describe a time when you or someone else used nonverbal gestures which made you or others feel uncomfortable. 4. Often cited research by Professor Albert Mehrabian (Links to an external site.) says that only 7% of feelings and attitudes are delivered in words (verbal communication); 38% of feelings and attitudes are paralinguistic (tone of voice/volume/pace/vocalRead MoreVerbal And Nonverbal Communication And Communication941 Words   |  4 Pagesthing. For example, if someone is feeling mad, they might be more harsh when they say things rather than more careful wording when someone is feeling sympathetic for someone else. These two different aspects that add into communication within one another are known as verbal and nonverbal symbols. In the show, Law and Order: Special Victim Unit, there is a specific scene with two detectives that show this. There is a serial rapist who was finally caught after six years of looking for him. In order forRead MoreVerbal Communication And Nonverbal Communication1932 Words   |  8 PagesIn this paper I will discuss and analyze the verbal communication, â€Å"the exchange of spoken or written language with others during interactions† McCornack, 2013, p. 191), and the nonverbal communication, â€Å"the intentional or unintentional transmission of meaning through an individual’s nonspoken physical and behavioral cues (Patterson, 1995)† (McCornack, 2013, p. 223), of a 2012 Third Party Presidential Debate between Jill Stein, Rocky Anderson, Virgil Hamlin, and Gary Johnson. In the opening ofRead MoreNonverbal Verbal And Verbal Communication957 Words   |  4 PagesI have learned a lot about communication. I learned how significant nonverbal and verbal communication is, along with listening. I never fully understood how big communication is in our daily lives. I now realize that it is a huge aspect of how we continue in our lives. This course has showed me different levels of communication. Nonverbal communication is behaviors and characteristics that convey meaning with out the use of words. Sometimes accompanying verbal messages, to clarify or reinforceRead MoreVerbal and Nonverbal Communication1472 Words   |  6 Pagesresearch done on verbal and nonverbal communication. First, we need to know what verbal and nonverbal communication is. Nonverbal communication is the way in which people communicate, intentionally or unintentionally, without words. Nonverbal communication uses nonverbal cues including facial expressions, tone of voice, gestures, body position, movement, the use of touch, and gaze (Aronson, Wilson, Akert, 2013). Verbal communication is what a person actually says. This communication relies on the wordsRead MoreVerbal and Nonverbal Communication11225 Words   |  45 Pages Verbal and Nonverbal Communication When we are attempting to transfer our meaning to another person, we use three different modes, methods, or channels to carry our intentions. We use these modes to tell people who we are, how we experience the world, and the meaning we attach to our experience. We communicate verbally and nonverbally, and often with mixed signals or noise. When two persons, A and B, are attempting to communicate with each other, their communication is distorted by their personalities

Ap Bio Unit Packet 38-40 Free Essays

Lissette Rivera Chapters 38-40 Answer all questions on looseleaf or type the answers in from the website and print. PART A: 1. Draw a general diagram of the life cycle of a seed plant. We will write a custom essay sample on Ap Bio Unit Packet 38-40 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Indicate which steps are haploid and which are diploid. 2. Define microsporogenesis and megasporogenesis. In what portion(s) of the flower does each of these processes occur? What is the end product of each process? Microsporogenesis produces our microspores. It occurs in the sporangia of the anther in flowers. Four haploid microspores are produced when the mother cell undergoes meiosis. Each microspore develops into a pollen grain. Megasporogenesis occurs in the sporangium of the ovule of a flower. After meiosis, the embryo sac is produced (egg, nucei, antipodal cells, synergids). 3. Draw and label all parts of a complete flower. Indicate the functions of the major parts. 4. What is pollination? How does it differ from fertilization? Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the plant through wind, animals, insects, etc. It differs from fertilization in that fertilization is caused by pollination. Pollination also only occurs in plants whereas fertilization can occur to reproduction in all plants and animals. Pollination 5. Draw and label a mature ovule. Include the micro-pyle, integuments, nucellus, synergids, polar nuclei, egg, and anti-podals. Indicate the functions of each of these structures. 6. What stages of the life cycle are eliminated or bypassed when plants are cloned naturally? When plants are cloned on the farm or in the laboratory? The gametophyte generation is bypassed when plants are cloned naturally. When plants are cloned on the farm or in the laboratory, cutting small pieces of plants can be grown into a complete plant. 7. What does the science of plant biotechnology do that artificial selection and/or cloning practices don’t do? Biotechnology adds genes from other organisms to plants, which other artificial selection or cloning practices does not do. PART B: 1. One of the problems associated with growing plants in space is lack of gravity. a. How does gravity affect the normal growth of a plant’s roots, stems, and other parts? Explain the mechanisms involved. Under gravity, auxin accumulates on the lower side of the root and stems, and slows down elongation of cells in the roots under high concentrations. Auxin concentrations with 10-8 and 10-4 stimulate proton pumps. Enzymes break crosslinks between cellulose molecules and allow the cell to elongate. b. How would a lack of gravity affect normal growth? Seeds rely on the gravitropic responses when they’re underground under absence o flight. c. Propose mechanisms to overcome the problems associated with a lack of gravity. Plant orientation is impacted by light. It counteracts lack of gravity. How to cite Ap Bio Unit Packet 38-40, Papers Ap Bio Unit Packet 38-40 Free Essays Lissette Rivera Chapters 38-40 Answer all questions on looseleaf or type the answers in from the website and print. PART A: 1. Draw a general diagram of the life cycle of a seed plant. We will write a custom essay sample on Ap Bio Unit Packet 38-40 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Indicate which steps are haploid and which are diploid. 2. Define microsporogenesis and megasporogenesis. In what portion(s) of the flower does each of these processes occur? What is the end product of each process? Microsporogenesis produces our microspores. It occurs in the sporangia of the anther in flowers. Four haploid microspores are produced when the mother cell undergoes meiosis. Each microspore develops into a pollen grain. Megasporogenesis occurs in the sporangium of the ovule of a flower. After meiosis, the embryo sac is produced (egg, nucei, antipodal cells, synergids). 3. Draw and label all parts of a complete flower. Indicate the functions of the major parts. 4. What is pollination? How does it differ from fertilization? Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the plant through wind, animals, insects, etc. It differs from fertilization in that fertilization is caused by pollination. Pollination also only occurs in plants whereas fertilization can occur to reproduction in all plants and animals. Pollination 5. Draw and label a mature ovule. Include the micro-pyle, integuments, nucellus, synergids, polar nuclei, egg, and anti-podals. Indicate the functions of each of these structures. 6. What stages of the life cycle are eliminated or bypassed when plants are cloned naturally? When plants are cloned on the farm or in the laboratory? The gametophyte generation is bypassed when plants are cloned naturally. When plants are cloned on the farm or in the laboratory, cutting small pieces of plants can be grown into a complete plant. 7. What does the science of plant biotechnology do that artificial selection and/or cloning practices don’t do? Biotechnology adds genes from other organisms to plants, which other artificial selection or cloning practices does not do. PART B: 1. One of the problems associated with growing plants in space is lack of gravity. a. How does gravity affect the normal growth of a plant’s roots, stems, and other parts? Explain the mechanisms involved. Under gravity, auxin accumulates on the lower side of the root and stems, and slows down elongation of cells in the roots under high concentrations. Auxin concentrations with 10-8 and 10-4 stimulate proton pumps. Enzymes break crosslinks between cellulose molecules and allow the cell to elongate. b. How would a lack of gravity affect normal growth? Seeds rely on the gravitropic responses when they’re underground under absence o flight. c. Propose mechanisms to overcome the problems associated with a lack of gravity. Plant orientation is impacted by light. It counteracts lack of gravity. How to cite Ap Bio Unit Packet 38-40, Essay examples

Reflection in Nursing Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Reflection in Nursing Management. Answer: Reflection Since I joined the nursing profession, I have always known that I have to be so serious in my job. I have a challenging task of delivering high quality and holistic nursing services to the satisfaction of my patient. Whenever I am given a chance to attend to a patient, I try my best to serve them well and adequately address their needs. In this reflection, I will use the Gibbs reflection cycle to present the description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion, and the action plan. I would like to give a reflection of a case in which I was caring for a patient who had just undergone a knee surgery. I was assigned to be in charge of this patient because he had been monitored and assessed by the physician who ordered for 5,000 units of heparin. My task was to inject the patient with the drug. I have a feeling that the patient was undergoing some pain. Therefore, as a nurse, I had to use my expertise to help him minimize pains and improve the quality of his life (Manuel Crowe, 2014). I have a feeling that I was supposed to take my job seriously and provide the patient with the care that he requires. Among the things I had to do was to monitor the patient, assess his condition, give injections, and closely work with other colleagues. I cooperated with the patient and gave him a therapeutic care that he deserved. I also managed to successfully give the patient a subcutaneous injection (Lowe, Plummer Boyd, 2013). In my analysis, I would like to express that there are I did a commendable job. I succeeded in doing a number of activities that I was supposed to do. First, I managed to successfully inject the patient with the recommended medication. To do this, I had to use the subcutaneous injection strategy because it is the most effective alternative to use when administering heparin which would be relied upon to prevent the patient from developing prophylaxis (Lowe, Plummer Boyd, 2013). The other activity that I performed well is I exhaustively and accurately explained the therapeutic effects of the drugs to the patient. It was a good thing to do because it is the responsibility of a nurse to equip the patient with the information that can help him to understand the condition and the recommended interventions (Fairman, Rowe, Hassmiller Shalala, 2011). However, despite all these, I failed to do some things that I was supposed to do. In the first place, I did not explain the side effects of th e medication to the patient. I made a mistake because I was supposed to do so. Besides, I went ahead to snap the neck of the patient without showing other nurses the ampole. Lastly, I did not properly sanitize my hands as expected. Based on these facts, I would like to conclude that I did not fully succeed in discharging my roles as a nurse. Although I made commendable steps, I still failed because I never discharged my role as expected. The fact that I injected the patient with the right units of medication shows that I was concerned about his recovery. At the same time, providing the patient with therapeutic information on the drug shows that I was concerned about informing him about his condition. However, I failed in two things. One, I did not establish a good working relationship with my fellows. In addition, I failed to observe hygiene because I did not wash my hands as expected. As a professional, I was supposed to do everything in the right way. I was not supposed make these mistakes because they would hinder me from delivering excellent services to the patient. In my action plan, I would make the necessary improvements to ensure that I satisfy the needs of my patient and provide a mistake-free service. If granted another opportunity, the first thing I will adjust is to improve my communication skills. I will have to ensure that I provide therapeutic communication and explain everything to the patient. I will have to acknowledge that I have an ethical obligation of providing the patient with all the necessary information before prescribing and injecting drugs including its benefits and side effects. Communication is an important tool whose usage can help in improving the quality of services (Craig, 2013). In addition, I will have to adopt a collaborative approach by cooperating with my colleagues at all times. Finally, I will have to observe hygiene and cle anliness at all times. In order to prevent the spread of Hospital-Acquired Infections, I will not hesitate to clean and sanitize my hands before and immediately after touching the patient, treatment, and coming into contact with body fluids that might have some contaminations. References Craig, R.T., (2013). Constructing theories in communication research. Theories and models of communication, 1, pp.39-57. Fairman, J. A., Rowe, J. W., Hassmiller, S., Shalala, D. E. (2011). Broadening the scope of nursing practice. New England Journal of Medicine, 364(3), 193-196. Lowe, G., Plummer, V., Boyd, L. (2013). Nurse practitioner roles in Australian healthcare ettings: Grainne Lowe and colleagues report on a study to explore how clinicians, managers and policymakers perceive nurse practitioner roles and to elicit their views on barriers to their introduction. Nursing Management, 20(2), 28-35. Manuel, J., Crowe, M. (2014). Clinical responsibility, accountability, and risk aversion in mental health nursing: A descriptive, qualitative study. International journal of mental health nursing, 23(4), 336-343.

Harrison Bergeron Summary and Response Essay Example

Harrison Bergeron Summary and Response Paper This meant that no person was more intelligent, better-looking, or more athletic than the other. In order to make sure the Amendments were being upheld, the Handicapper General and his team of agents were in full force. In April of 2081, Harrison Burgeon is taken away from his parents (George and Hazel) by the Handicapper General. Because of the equality laws, his parents did not have the Intelligence to recall the tragedy. Those with above average Intelligence wore a radio In which the government could broadcast a noise to interrupt the thoughts of those who had been thinking for extended periods of time. One night, George and Hazel are watching ballerinas dance on television. Hazel is crying but cant exactly remember why. That was a real pretty dance, that dance they Just did, said Hazel. Huh? said George. That dance, it was nice, said Hazel (Opponent, 1). Suddenly, Harridans picture is shown on the television, claiming that he has escaped from prison. The government felt as If they were In danger because of Harrison. He was very Intelligent, an athlete. And is under- handicapped (Opponent, 3). Instead off little ear radio for a mental handicap, he ore a tremendous pair of earphones, and spectacles with thick, wavy lenses besides. We will write a custom essay sample on Harrison Bergeron Summary and Response specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Harrison Bergeron Summary and Response specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Harrison Bergeron Summary and Response specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The spectacles were intended not only to make him half-blind, but to give him whining headaches besides. Scrap metal was hung all over him (Opponent, 3). George suddenly recognizes that Harrison Is the one being shown across the television, but a sound of automobile wreck forces him to lose his train of thought. When the noise Is over, he cant remember who he Just saw. The government felt threatened by Harrison because of his above average qualities. However, Harrison claimed to be an Emperor and would select an Empress hat night. l am the Emperor! cried Harrison. Do you hear? I am the Emperor! Everybody must do what I say at once! (Opponent, 5). As Harrison was dancing with his Empress, Diana Moon Slammers, the Handicapper General, entered the room and shot both Harrison and his Empress. Both were dead before they hit the floor. She had shot them because they had disobeyed the laws of the land and equality. Diana threatened to shoot the musicians as well if they didnt put their handicaps back on. After this incident, George and Hazels television went out. George had left to grab a ere from the kitchen and came back to the living room. Muff been crying? He said to Hazel, watching her wipe her tears. Muff, she said. What about? he said. I forgot, she said. Something real sad on television. (Opponent, 7). In response to ten story, I completely Allegros Witt ten Handicapper Generals Ana the rest of the government officials. I do not believe that those with higher power can force an individual, let alone an entire nation, to become completely equal in inhum ane ways. The most interesting detail of the reading was by far the extremity f how far the government went to ensure that all citizens were no better than others. If someone were to be more athletic, they were to wear a bag of birdbaths around your neck. If someone were to be above average looking, they were to wear a mask. If someone were to be more intelligent, they had to wear a radio which blared a terrible noise if a thought was carried for more than twenty seconds. Hanging bags of birdbaths around the more athletic kind was particularly interesting. I was confused as to how a government could be so strict to ensure that no person is better than the other. Was Harrison the only one they were afraid of, or were they afraid of everyone who was a potential threat to the government?

A Booming End to the 19th Century essays

A Booming End to the 19th Century essays More changes occurred in America in the late 19th century than any other time period. The country went through rapid expansion from residents of its land to cuisine to transportation of goods and people. While the last quarter of the 20th century brought many modern conveniences, the century before brought this country things that would be nearly impossible to live without. The development of railroads was the single greatest change in the 19th century. In only twenty-five years, almost 70,000 miles of tracks were laid. This in itself was a great feat, because of all the people and products used in the building of the railroads. In order to build railroads, forests were cut down to lay the track. Iron was needed for pins and also to build the trains. Coal and wood were needed to run the trains, and many people were needed to build the railroads. Railroads enabled people to see places they had never seen before. Before railroads were built, no one would venture much past their nearest town, which was often miles away. It took them days to travel to town in horse-drawn buggies. After railroads were brought to the United States, people could travel halfway across the country in the same amount of time. They were definitely more beneficial for hauling goods than horses and wagons. A horse could only haul a wagon of oats about twelve miles in a day, while railroads could carry many times the size hundreds of miles, all in the same amount of time. Many more goods were produced at this time, because they could be carried all over the country. Railroads changed many daily habits of Americans. Their diet was diversified because foods could be transported to places that it could not be grown. All over America fresh produce was available year-round. Fruits, grains, vegetables, and meats were transported to all parts of the country. People ate foods that they had never even heard of, just because they were not ava...

Article Critique Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Critique - Article Example The food choices that people make decide how successfully the body handles all its functions and activities (Whitney & Rolfes, 2011, p.2). Hence, one can maintain healthy body by choosing nutritious food (Whitney & Rolfes, 2011, p.2). Sadly, the hectic nature of modern life has made people to ignore the quality of food they eat. The article â€Å"A diet for better energy,† written by Diana Rodriguez, is targeted at people who need high energy levels to fulfill the demands of hectic life. As the tips given in the article are precise and practical in nature, it is an excellent source of information and worth recommending to others. Reliability The article â€Å"A diet for better energy,† written by Diana Rodriguez is a reliable source of information. After reading the article, one can find various aspects and qualities which prove that the article is worth reading and reliable in nature. Some of the ways in which the article can be recommended as authentic and reliable ar e discussed below. It is not an Advertisement The first important aspect that shows that this article is not worthless is the fact that it is not written to advertise any product or a service. That is, it is not written with an intention to promote any nutrition product or food item. Also, there is no hint of any attempt at subtle advertisement as the article does not mention any names of the food brands or health services. The products or the food items that are mentioned, for example chicken, lentils, beans, fish etc., are general in nature and not branded. This shows that the article is authentic and not fake. Article is Reviewed The second reason why the article is reliable is that it is reviewed by a professional from medical field. The article is reviewed by Christine Wilmsen Craig, MD (Rodriguez). Christine Craig has a valid degree in medicine. Her medical degree and postdoctoral training has been earned from the University of Missouri-Columbia (Everyday Health para 11). When the article is reviewed by the professional in medical field, then it means that the information provided in the article is authentic and based on scientific research. Based on Expert Opinion The third reason for the article to be reliable source of information is that the article is written on the basis of interviews with people in the field of nutrition and diet. For example, the information about the foods that give prolonged energy level is based on the interview of Melissa Rifkin, who is a registered dietitian at the Montefiore Medical Center in the Bronx, N.Y. (Rodriguez para 5). Similarly, Suzanne Lugerner, RN, who is the director of clinical nutrition at the Washington Hospital Center in Washington, D.C., is consulted to gain information regarding the role of fluids in sustaining energy levels in human body (Rodriguez para 7). Later on in the article, the information regarding the healthy pattern of meals is provided after consulting Tara Harwood, a registered dietitian at the Cleveland Clinic in Ohio (Rodriguez para 10). In this way, all the important information regarding the diet and nutrition is based on information gathered from reliable sources, that is, from the professionals in field of diet and nutrition. Hence, the article is very reliable and authentic. Information Matches with the Reliable Source The information regarding the nutrients and its functions, given in the article, matches the information given in the book called

The effects of single mother hood on child delinquency Essay

The effects of single mother hood on child delinquency - Essay Example It is even more difficult to discuss delinquency and single motherhood and to describe a relationship between the two because there are so many inter-related issues. It is not easy to separate out these issues and define a straightforward link between the two. However the issue is an important one since more and more children are living in single parent homes as time passes. And not just in single parent homes, but more specifically in homes where the mother is the single parent. The absence of fathers in children’s lives is an increasing challenge to society. According to the US Bureau of the Census in 1990 (cited in Stolba and Amato 543) â€Å"The proportion of children under 18 who live with a single parent increased from 12 percent in 1968 to about one-fourth at present†. This was almost twenty years ago. The figure now is even more cause for concern. In order to develop the discussion it is first important to understand some parameters of the term itself- how is it defined and measured; to understand the phenomenon and the nature of the problem in terms of the extent to which it is a problem in children and young people. In broad terms delinquency is antisocial or criminal behavior. It is juvenile delinquency when displayed by children or adolescents. Juvenile delinquency is also considered behavior that deviates from the norms. Even trying to understand what juvenile delinquency actually is presents problems since norms vary from place to place and even from one household or family to the next. The attitude of parents and other adults can also add to the difficulty as what one parent may consider delinquent behavior another parent may merely shrug it off as defiance or ‘a behavior phase’ that the child is going through. There seems to be no definite definition for delinquency. For clarity and standardization then a nd for this

Choose a president Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Choose a president - Research Paper Example However, at least until 1949, the Russian threat was not significant in its scope and character. It assumed ominous proportions only when Russia began deploying the tool of communism influencing the people and nations of Europe. More to that, the Soviet Russia exploded its nuclear bomb that nullified the US lead over Russia. Due to changing circumstances, economic assistance was not just enough to establish the confidence in the Europe; however, the rearmament of West Germany, and military assistance in Europe became necessary to tackle soviet expansionary motives. Adding fuel to the fire, the Korean War intensified the cold war between two super powers. Truman soon realized that democratically elected governments anywhere in the world would be in jeopardy if the communist aggression having support from Russia was not resisted strongly (Gaddis, 1974). Thus, the Truman Doctrine emerged not in isolation but essentially to counter expansionary Stalin Doctrine. In 1947, President Truman, while addressing a joint session of congress, asked for $400 million economic and military aid for Greece and Turkey with an aim to contain communist onslaught in those countries (Merril, 2006). In fact, between 1947 and 1949, several policy measures were taken by the establishment that included the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, the Vandenberg Revolution, and the North Atlantic Treaty. It is important to notice that President’s doctrine for the first time had military and economic perspective to contain the soviet communism. These were mainly the psychological measures aimed at developing confidence in the minds of Europeans about democratic means and ways against the juggernaut of communism (Gaddis, 1974). Truman doctrine was hugely successful in its objectives in the sense that it halted the Soviet insurgency in Greek. Moreover, between 1948 and 1952, technical support grants, and loans extended to Europe amounting

Effects of Tourism on the Economy of the Mauritius

Effects of Tourism on the Economy of the Mauritius Abstract: This dissertation is based on tourism in Mauritius concentrating on how the country became one of the worlds best tourist destination and a detailed report on how tourism influencing the economic growth of Mauritius. The overall development of the country can be assumed through the GDP and per capita income, luxury tourism sector is the main economic growth of the Mauritius which is playing a key role for the social and economic aspects. The technique which used in Mauritius has progressed them from a low-income economy based on agriculture to a middle-income diversified economy Keywords: Tourism, GDP, per capita, low-income, diversified economy 1. Introduction In the sub-Saharan region and in Africa Mauritius is one of the most performing and fastest growing countries. The country has moved from a mono-crop sugar-dominated economy to being services oriented. The main economic pillars of the island are textile, sugar, tourism, and services. People from different parts of the world are attracted towards the real beauty of Mauritius which is in its wild interior, waterfalls, lush forests and endemic wildlife, striking mountains, mild weather. Mauritius offers inspiring beaches and indigo waters, fascinating accommodation, world-class golf courses, spas, waterskiing, windsurfing, fishing, parasailing, and warm hospitality from the locals. [Mauritius-simply divine n.d.] Mauritius has progressed from a low-income economy based on agriculture to a middle-income diversified economy .The main economic growth has been the result of the increase of the luxury tourism sector. When world sugar prices have turn down and the manufacture of textiles has become economically impracticable, the country concentrated on tourist industry. Because of the limited space available for tourism and the need to maximize income while minimizing environmental impact, tourist policies in Mauritius endorse influential and specialist tourism Low budget tourism is not promoted. The Mauritian government encourages boutique luxury hotels, 4 and 5 stars beach resorts, golf courses, and spas and beauty centers for high-end tourism. Accordingly, thus rising from 103,000 in 1977 to 656,450 in 2000, a more than six-fold increase in tourist arrivals. Total number of nights spent by tourist was estimated to about 6.5 million, representing an increase of 13% over 1999. The usual duration of stay works out to around 10 nights and average expenditure per tourist reached about Rs.22, 000. In 2000, gross tourism receipts were 14.2 billion rupees (508.3 million US $) and contributed to about 11% of our GDP. In 2010, tourist arrivals were estimated at about 934, 000 compared to 871, 000 the previous year and 2010 tourism earnings were estimated at about MUR 39.5 billion, up from MUR 35.7 billion in 2009. Gross foreign direct investment (FDI) stood at MUR 10.6 billion at the end of September 2010 against MUR 8.8 billion for the same period in 2009, a 20% gain. The investment went mainly to health and social work activities, real estate, finance and insurance. Tourists are mainly European, French and British. In 1970 Mauriti us had about 18,000 visitors in and between 1985 and 2000 the size of its tourism sector, calculated by the raise in tourist arrivals, grew by approximately 340%. In 2000 Tourism created 30,000 full time job equivalents in Mauritius thus the country tends to be a high cost tourist destination and in 2004 Tourist arrivals were almost 720,000 and in 2008, 970 482 tourists came to Mauritius. Air travel and accommodation are reasonably expensive. Most tourists are on package holidays there is very little independent travel or backpacking. Charter flights have been banned, the resort hotels have been built to high standards and there are high standards of cuisine and service to encourage up-market tourism there are direct flights from Britain and South Africa. [Tourism in Mauritius n.d] Despite concerns about pollution and damage to coral reefs, the amount of resorts come together in parts of the coastline is growing and policy in the country has generally been to regulate contact between Mauritian society and tourists because of concerns about cultural and social problems. The main tourist attractions in the country are its environment, with white beaches, sea, and warm climate and the friendliness of the people and its political and social stability. By attracting Foreign Direct Investment the country is equipped with a highly skilled labor force and a very good infrastructure. Over the last 3 years the average economic growth was 5.6%. As a result the standard of living has gone up the income per Capita has reached 4000 US Dollars. The Government has taken several steps to face globalization and a new economic environment. On the priority list there are high value-added, capital intensive and knowledge-based activities. The Information Technology sector is underg oing rapid changes so as to be fit for the next millennium. The aim is to make Mauritius a centre for high-tech and software services, which can be exported.ÂÂ  [African Economic Outlook n.d] The government of Mauritius has adopted new strategy for developing the local tourism industry which is referred as the opening of the sky action plan. The main idea is to develop new markets, which include penetrating to new countries and new client profiles. Tourism to Mauritius has accomplished consistent growth in recent years and following the government efforts for developing the local tourism sector, it is most likely therefore that the tourism sector will continue growing in coming years. The developed infrastructure, access to cost effective and educated labor, attractive investment incentives and existing linkages with industry representatives in European Union and Eastern and Southern Africa put Mauritius in an excellent position to take advantage of growth opportunities. Following these efforts, the Mauritius government expects an increase in the number of tourist arrivals to as much as 2 millions tourist per annum by 2015. To have a optimistic and flourishing tourism sec tor Mauritius is well known in the African region. With a value added of 9.2% of GDP and has been a key factor in the overall development of Mauritius tourism has emerged as one of the main pillars of the economy and contributes significantly to economic growth. About 65.7% of the tourist arrivals are of European origin, with France supplying nearly half. The Government has been very helpful to investors local and foreign by setting clear policies, get rid of bureaucratic procedures, contributing incentives and creating an environment favorable to investment. There are many factors which attract investors offer- primarily beach tourism and the sun, our strategic location, the image that Mauritius has, hospitality of Mauritian, infrastructure, availability of skilled workers, political stability, business incentives, facilities and environment that make possible investment among many others. The Government of Mauritius conducts its marketing activities through the Mauritius Tourism Promotion Authority. Hotels, though, carry their own marketing and deal mainly with foreign tour operators. The tourism sector has paying attention to considerable FDI. Recognizing the significance of Foreign Direct Investment in terms of capital for further investment and overflow of technological know-how and skills, the government has put forward openhanded incentives to attract foreign direct investment to advance increase the sector. FDI policies towards tourism were once quite preventive as there were fears at that time of creating over-capacity of hotel rooms. However, foreign investment is now permitted in restaurants, yacht, travel agencies among others. It is expected to contribute towards showing the livelihood impact of the tourism sector in terms direct and indirect employment creation, infrastructure and amenities improvement, preservation of the environment and job opportunities for women among others. It will also be a stepping stone in identifying the main challenges facing this sector from the view point of all stakeholders involved. [Economy of Mauritius n.d] 2. Motivation Tourism creates jobs and wealth for the countries, increase GDP/ national income, economic and educational growth of people, and broadens peoples understanding of different cultures. There is a continuous flow of money between countries/states/towns. Depend heavily upon travel expenditures by foreigners as a source of taxation and as a source of income for the enterprises. Therefore, the development of tourism is often a strategy to promote a particular region for the purpose of increasing commerce through exporting goods and services. It provides direct employment for the people associated with occupations in bars and hotels. The standard of living of people increases well and at the same time unemployment is on the decrease. Tourism is an extremely profitable process in loads of countries, especially those in which the process of development continue to depend on this industry because this industry does not require a lot of literacy and also it yields maximum profits with less inve stment. Concerning public there has been much development made for the infrastructures, many buildings has been built inÂÂ  coastal regionsÂÂ  for the comfortable of tourists, road also have been built to ease the travel in those regions. It can say that much has been done to make tourist feel safe in the coastal regions and there are many police stations and police patrols (policemen patrolling on bicycles also). Much work and employment has been created in hotels, that indirectly create jobs for tour operators, tourist guide, taxi drivers. Many places have been protected and the government is doing much to preserve places, fauna and flora in the island. Thus theÂÂ  Tourism industryÂÂ  has had a much more positive impact on the industry on Mauritius and it has been a boon to the economy of the country as many foreigners come to the country and spend much money during their stay 3. Findings and Results Using a number of statistics compiled by the Central statistical Office an analysis of tourism has done by the government authority. A number of ratios are devised and plotted as time series from 1979 onwards. The Ratios calculated are as follows: Number of Nights spent per Tourist, Discounted Earnings per Tourist, Discounted Earnings per Night, Contribution to GDP per Tourism Earnings, Discounted Contribution to GDP per Tourist, Percentage of Nights spent in Hotels, Nights spent per Tourist in hotels and nights spent per tourist in informal accommodation, average expenditure per tourist residing in hotels and average expenditure per tourist residing in informal accommodation. It was bring into being that there has been a plummet in the number of nights spent per tourist for the past years and low-cost earnings per tourist has stayed flat from 1988 to 1998. It was also found that although only 25% of tourists reside outside the hotel sector, those tourists make up 40% of nights spent on the island and represent 14.5% of the earnings accrue from tourism. It was found that from 1990 to 1997, GDP (in 1997 Us $) for European countries has increased by 10% on average, and arrivals from Europe has gone from 43% of the total to 58%, discounted spending per tourist from a number of European countries has remained flat. The main result are that the constant achievement of tourism in Mauritius respites significantly on tourists exist in outside the hotel sector and that in real terms Mauritius has grow to be a cheaper destination for Europeans. Tourists in hotels spend less time in Mauritius than tourists in informal accommodation and this is due to the relative expense of staying hotels compared to staying in informal types of accommodation. Over a lapse of six years the number of nights spent per tourists in both type of accommodation has fallen significantly and it is not a good trend [A paper on tourism in Mauritius n.d.] Table 1: Nights per Tourist in hotelsVsNights per Tourist in informal accommodation Year Nights per tourist (in hotels) Nights per Tourist (informal accommodation) 1990 9.40 18.57 1992 7.86 23 1994 9 16.36 1996 8.33 15.65 1998 7.92 17.18 Figure 1: Nights per tourist (in hotels) Vs Nights per tourist (informal accommodation) Tourism industry adds considerably to economic growth and has been a key factor for the whole progress of Mauritius. In the past two decades tourist arrivals increased at an average annual rate of 9% and in 2000, gross tourism receipts contributed about 11% of the GDP of Mauritius. Table 2: Number of tourist arrivals in Mauritius from 1974 to 2010 Year Number of tourist arrivals(in 1000) 1974 100 1978 200 1982 300 1986 400 1990 500 1994 600 1998 700 2002 800 2006 900 2010 1000 Figure 2: Number of tourist arrivals in Mauritius In particular, financial globalization undeniably presents new challenges and benefits to developing economies, to a small island economy (SIDS) like Mauritius. Given the special features of SIDS in terms of their economic vulnerability, their participation in the global financial markets raises a number of policy issues such as market access, level of financial development, international support and financial stability. Since the late 1980s, with the onset of the financial liberalization programme the integration of the domestic financial system in the global financial markets has been high on the agenda of policy makers. The internationalization of the financial system shaped part of the overall strategy of reaping the full benefits of economic liberalization. Policy makers have been aggravated by encouraging the financial services sector as another major pillar of the economy and creating Mauritius as a regional financial center. In order to integrate the global financial markets the purpose of this work is to emphasize the institutional and policy changes, which took place in the Mauritian financial system. In terms of capacity building; capital flows and improved competence an introduction assessment of the impact of the liberalization of trade in financial services on the financial system will be attempted. In the trade liberalization of financial services, there has been a significant increase in the volatility in net capital flows, namely foreign direct investment and portfolio investment inflows. It is hard to state that financial services liberalization has led to financial stability. In some sections of the financial sector there has been a move towards higher financial efficiency. Domestic financial integration has greater than before but the diversification process is going at a slow pace. The banking activity remains highly concentrated and there are signs of rigidity in banks interest rates. Especially in terms of capacity building and governance the developments in the financial markets have been significant and number of legislations has been passed to modernize the Mauritian financial system and amalgamate the world financial markets. Following an econometric investigation of the impact of financial globalization on consumption volatility, find an evidence of a positive and significant relationship. This is an indication that the level of financial sector development has not reached the threshold level so as to reap the benefits from financial globalization. A higher level of financial sector development will be helpful to harness the benefits from financial globalization. The main policy implications is the further development of the financial sector is crucial for participating in the globalization process of financial markets and reap the benefits in terms of higher economic growth and welfare. Trade liberalization in financial services has guide to higher volatility in capital flows; policy makers should continue to implement institutional changes to integrate world financial markets. International support should be sought for financial sector development and harmonization of regulatory framework. In 2008 real gross domestic productÂÂ  (GDP) grew by 4.1%ÂÂ  in 2010,ÂÂ  up fromÂÂ  3.1% in 2009 but lower than the 5.5%. The government has maintained a growth path, in spite of challenges at home and abroad. ÂÂ  In 2011,ÂÂ  GDP growth is estimated to remain aroundÂÂ  4%. Nevertheless,ÂÂ  thisÂÂ  will depend on the improvement in theÂÂ  main European trading partners, but could be faster if MauritiusÂÂ  reduces its dependence on sending exports toÂÂ  slow-growing traditional marketsÂÂ  and charting a new economic modelÂÂ  more flexible to future shocks. Projections for 2012 put economic growth at 4.1%. To taken as a whole 2010 budgetÂÂ  deficitÂÂ  was estimated at 4.7% of GDP against 6.6% in 2009. It is projected to fall back to 4.4%ÂÂ  in 2011 andÂÂ  4.3%ÂÂ  in 2012. In 2010,ÂÂ  the key Repurchase Agreement (Repo) rate was reduced from 5.75% to 4.75% and theÂÂ  headline inflation rateÂÂ  stood at 2.9% compared to 2.5% in 2009. In 2011 Inflation is expected to increase to 3.0% and 3.9% in 2012. The current account deficitÂÂ  stood at 7.9%ÂÂ  of GDP and isÂÂ  projected to rise to 9.2% in 2011 and 9% in 2012. AmidÂÂ  volatility in the foreign exchange market, the Mauritius rupee (MUR) ended 2010 appreciating against majorÂÂ  currencies. Against the US dollar (USD),ÂÂ  it gained from an average of MUR 31.94 in 2009 to MUR 30.89. [Financial globalization n.d] The government has already committed to a target of one million tourist arrivals on the short term and two million before 2020 in the up-market segment, regarding the volume of tourism. The TDP bring to a close that tourist development in Mauritius will not be controlled. Given these targeted growth Figures the tourist burden on the country in terms of environmental and social impact remains limited. with an accelerating growth especially in the last few years in correspondence with the targets for the first five-year period room capacity is increasing from 9,024 rooms in 2001 to 12,830 rooms in 2006. For example the French coming through Reunion despite the low volume and high quality hotel sector there are regional and domestic markets that seek inexpensive accommodation. Through the informal sector this accommodation has developed. According to a survey executed for the TDP this accommodation has substantial capacity an estimate of 7,000 rooms resulted from this survey. In comparison with the hotel room capacity in the formal sector the occupancy rates are much lower in the informal sector Bed nights sold in the formal hotel sector are about 3.5 times higher than in the informal sector according to the TDP. It should be emphasized that there is a complementary value of the informal sector product in the tourism product portfolio. In the 2000 survey repeat tourists accounting for 33% of the tourists interviewed and probably there are more or less captive customers of the informal sector. If this is the case a value added strategy for this sector will contribute to the economic d evelopment without undermining the high quality profile of the formal hotel sector. [Master plan for air transportation in Mauritius, n.d.] The United States has become Mauritius second largest market. The Americans and Mauritian are expecting that the new American trading relationship will not drop out or it did in the early 1800s. Due to that today, architect of the Mauritian economy as well as Americans who are being actively trade with Mauritius. This invigorated trade with the United States comes at an important time for Mauritius. To weaken the profitability of sugar and clothing exports the country faces many confronts into the future, as a removal of preferential treatment and increased competition in world trade. The government has taken some measures to point out these issues such as investing in training and education, technology sector, introducing more competition in key services, creating an information and communication end also privatizing the communications industry. Mauritius has great hopes for future growth in the U.S. market. The Africa growth and opportunity Act, which offers preferential access for apparel exports to the U.S. market. The country today is planning for the future with an eye in international trade just as Mauritius did in the 1790s to open the island for foreign trade. [Economic growth in Mauritius, n.d.] 4. Comparisons From 1990 to 1997, the GDP per capita for ten European countries sources of tourists to Mauritius has increased. The average increase is of the order of 10% for the 10 countries listed below. Table 3: GDP per capita for ten European countries sources of tourists to Mauritius Country Percentage increase in real GDP per capita from 1990 to 1997 GDP per capita in $ US (1997) Austria 14.7% 25550 Belgium 10.9% 23792 France 9.8% 23786 Germany 14.9% 25592 Italy 8% 19912 Netherlands 18.6% 21370 Spain 13% 13511 Sweden 5.5% 25735 Switzerland 0.7% 35978 United Kingdom 12.5% 21823 Average Increase 10.86% The spending per tourist expressed in 1997 has diminished by 5.6% when the GDP per capita for the above-mentioned European countries has improved by 10%. The proportion of arrivals from the above-mentioned European countries has gone from 43.5% in 1990 to 58.7% in 1997 of the total arrivals respective years. Those simple figures do show evidently that for Europeans, Mauritius has become a cheaper destination. [A paper on tourism in Mauritius, n.d.] Mauritius has received a substantial proportion of its visitors from Europe since the 1980. Today in Mauritius more than 20,000 jobs are produced by tourism sector. Mauritius is having predominantly European Tourists. It is calculated that expense on tourism in Europe is going to increase stronger than its GNP. Even though the GNP-growth per capita in Europe is relatively low compared to the USA and Japan, long-term growth prospects in the European market are positive. As a matter of fact like other sectors, tourism is also a competitive market. Tourist operators are now having more number of tourist destinations in their brochure. In competing markets, like the tourist market, price sensitivity is very high. Given the quality, relative small price changes can lead to large market share changes. Globally, there are many reasons for the increasing value for money. The cost of a typical long distance holidays have dropped substantially. The air fare component is the main contributor to this decline. Mauritius may loose important market shares in the distinct originating markets. Therefore one must conclude that the current tourist strategy has some risks in it, whereas until today the image could justify the high price of the Mauritius tourist product, this may not be the case in the future especially if promotion efforts diminish. But even if Mauritius would be able to pertain its value perception by promotion, this would bring in some views too few tourists with insufficient economic multiplier effects into Mauritius. The current state of the economy may require a significant increase in tourist demand volume. Recent volume developments in the up-market segment make it impossible to compensate the current lay-offs in the textile sector. Among other things the current pricing strategy in the tourism sector is not expected to provide the new employment perspectives. It can even be questioned whether Mauritius is able to retain its current market share in the up market segment as such. Enlargements of the tourist market may imply major changes in the environmental and social structure. Careful environmental planning and design is essential to prevent the island from an urban sprawl of hotel developments. A good water management is necessary to take care of the increase of both the demand for drinking water and the volume of wastewater. Next to that, the residents of Mauritius will be increasingly confronted with tourists, whether in competition for the beach or in associate with the informal sector. Therefore the developments have to go with a balanced social program [Master plan for air transportation in Mauritius]. Rodriguez and Mauritius also have similar comparisons of tourism industry [Tourism and development n.d]. Antigua and Mauritius are the islands which have developed tourism as the major industry and along similar lines with big resorts. [Business Mega n.d.] Figure 3: Distribution of respondents by purpose of visit, 2000 The proportion of tourists coming on holiday went up from 72% in 1998 to 74% in 2000, while honeymooners fell from 15% to 11%. In 2000, tourists coming on business or to attend seminar accounted for 9% of the sample, a figure which is more or less the same as that recorded in 1998. [Tourism Strategy n.d] Table 4: Percentage distribution of respondents by purpose of visit, 1998 2000 Purpose of Visit 1998 2000 Holiday 71.6 73.7 Honeymoon 15.1 11.3 Business/Seminar 8.7 9.2 VFR 2.3 3.6 other 2.3 2.2 5. Conclusion and Future recommendation This dissertation has shown how tourism industry has developed into a major pillar of economic development in a small island economy like Mauritius and comparisons with other countries dealing with the achievement of tourism industry and how tourism helping Mauritius both in economic and social aspects. And also about the drawback of stay in hotels and informal accommodation due to the relative expense in hotels which is not considered as a welcome trend. In future if the government will study more about this and try to solve it according to the welfare for the countrys economic aspects then Mauritius will become a cheaper destination in all aspects. At present the marketing strategy of tourism in Mauritius is mainly based on European countries which can be considered as a negative aspect because if the country concentrate on the advertisements based on a global technique then it will help the economy to a better extent. Government can take necessary actions, if need be, to improve t he impact of tourism on businesses, community, environment, training and infrastructure. Acknowledgements I would like to thank Ms.Georgia Balta for the direction, assistance, and guidance and I also wish to thank my friends and colleagues.

Analysis of Thomas Mores Utopia Essay -- Thomas More Utopia Literatur

Analysis of Thomas More's Utopia The historical Thomas More, the author of Utopia, was an extraordinarily complicated man who tied up all the threads of his life in his heroic death. The Utopia is the sort of complicated book that we should expect from so complicated a man. It is heavy with irony, but then irony was the experience of life in the Sixteenth Century. Everywhere--in church, government, society, and even scholarship--profession and practice stood separated by an abyss. The great difficulty of irony is that we cannot always be sure when the ironic writer or speaker is being serious and when he is being comical. We find that difficulty in Utopia. Edward Hall, the great chronicler of English history of More's time wrote, "For undoubtedly he beside his learning had a great wit, but it was so mingled with taunting and mocking that it seemed to them that best knew him, that he thought nothing to be well spoken except he had ministered some mock in the communication." (*) In Utopia three characters converse, and reports of other conversations enter the story. Thomas More appears as himself. Raphael Hythlodaeus is the fictional traveler to exotic worlds. More's young friend of Antwerp Peter Gillis adds an occasional word. Yet the Thomas More of Utopia is a character in a fiction. He cannot be completely identified with Thomas More the writer who wrote all the lines. Raphael Hythlodaeus's name means something like "Angel" or "messenger of Nonsense." He has traveled to the commonwealth of Utopia with Amerigo Vespucci, seemingly the first voyager to realize that the world discovered by Columbus was indeed a new world and not an appendage of India or China. Raphael has not only been to Utopia; he has journeyed to other strange places, and found almost all of them better than Europe. He is bursting with the enthusiasm of his superior experiences. However, I shall devote most of my remarks to the second "book" or chapter in More's work--the description of the island commonwealth somewhere in the New World. Since the Utopians live according to the law of nature, they are not Christian. Indeed they practice a form of religious toleration. Utopia provides a second life of the people above and beyond the official life of the "real" states of the Sixteenth Century. Its author took the radical liberty to dispense w... ... marriage is allowed but strictly controlled so that conjugal relations relieve sexual needs without creating any genuine bonds of intimacy between husbands and wives. Utopia is thus not a program for our society. It is not a blueprint but a touchstone against which we try various ideas about both our times and the book to see what then comes of it all. It helps us see what we are without telling us in detail what we are destined to be. Utopia becomes part of a chain, crossing and uncrossing with past and present in the unending debate about human nature and the best possible society possible to the kind of beings we are. Utopia becomes in every age a rather sober carnival to make us smile and grimace and lift ourselves out of the prosaic and the real, to give ourselves a second life where we can imagine the liberty to make everything all over again, to create society anew as the wise Utopus himself did long before in Utopia. His wisdom is not ours. But it summons us to have our own wisdom and to use it as best we can to judge what is wrong in our society in the hope that our judgment will make us do some things right, even if we cannot make all th ings new this side of paradise.

Effectsof agriculture urbanization and revolutions on european social classes in the 18th and 19th centuries

The era of the agrarian revolution brought with it a form of several types of social inequalities that changed the functioning of the social structure of the society. These social inequalities were brought about by the fact that the agrarian revolution followed by the industrial revolution altered the way people were living hence causing several social classes that were a subject of condemnation from leading social science disciplines. Similarly the urbanization and industrial revolutions did not make the situation any better as they resulted to social inequalities that also were subjects of condemnation by various social critics.The main classes that wherefore after the agrarian revolution was the development of the class of the land owners and the workers. The land owners were a small number of the elites that had immersed a lot of wealth as far as the means of production were concerned. They were also called the bourgeoisies or simply the owners of the means of production. Due to the sizes of their lands as well as other means of production these people had to hire for labor from those who did not own the means of production.The first relationship between the bourgeois and the proletarians was that the proletarians were hired as a source of labour to the bourgeoisies. In retaliation, they were rewarded with an income. The main aim of the owners of the means of production was always to reap the greatest benefits from there means of production while the workers’ main aim was to get the best payment for their investment. This caused a serious tension between the two groups as each tired to get its own way.However, due to the limitations of economic power of the proletarians, the bourgeoisie always won the battle and thus the workers had to continue working at the existing market rates (McKay et al 356). These differences were worsened during industrial revolution when Europe underwent a systematic process of industrializing and slowly turning away from t he normal agricultural based production. This led to people being concentrated together in urban centers. The bourgeoisie owned the industries while the proletarians had to work in those industries in order to earn a living for themselves.The concept of profit maximization led the owners of the means of production to engage into the measures of cost saving which greatly advocated for reduced salaries for the proletarians in order to improve the income from these industries. They further led to greater economic diversity between the two groups. The rich bourgeoisies continuously accumulate their wealth at the expense of the poor working class. The result of this marginalization was a growing trend of hostility between the two main groups as each tried to advance its ideals.However, the lack of both political and resource power made the proletarians to lose the battle the few land and capital owners. However, it was common sense to the land owners that any rebellion that would turn to be bloody would interfere with their wealth and thus a compromise was needed to ensure that the relationship between the two groups was always maintained at a manageable level (McKay et al 398). This realization led to the rise of another group, the middle class, mainly composed of people who sought to utilize the concept of either utilitarianism or Evangelism to strike a balance between the two main classes.The middle class therefore introduced the concept of maximization of pleasure and came up with the working formulas for the group to effectively co-exist. To maximize the reward from their investment, the concept of pain must be measured accurately. The bourgeoisie had to inflict pain in form of work to the proletarians and pay for the pain with the little pleasure as possible (pay). This was from the realizations that when pain is less than pleasure, the workers would comfortably work and shall not result to any form of revolution (McKay et al 394)The middle class also sought to make they working class continue working and had to convince the working class that pleasure can only be gained through pain, and thus there was need to accept some form of pain. This meant that so long us the work was rewarding you, the ethical thing is to continue working. The working class therefore continued to receive the pain from the bourgeoisie since the reward of the bourgeoisie was way above the pain they were getting from the working for them. In conclusion, it is evident that the two main classes during this era were always not in good terms.The minority class was the rich people and owned the means of production while the majority was the poor proletarians. Connecting the two classes was a middle class of scholars whose theories were crucial in ensuring that harmony was maintained among the leading social classes. When people moved into urban centers, special living patterns also characterized the social classes that existed in the Europe during the 18th and 19th cen turies. Work Cited McKay et al â€Å"A History of Western Society† 7th Edition, New York Wadsworth Publishing; 2002)

20 Descriptive Essay Topics What to Write about the Enneagram Personality Types

20 Descriptive Essay Topics What to Write about the Enneagram Personality Types If you are tasked with writing a descriptive essay about nine personality types and the Enneagram, you have to select a topic that is truly of interest to you personally. The more engaged you are with the topic, the easier you will find the research and writing process to be. That being said, picking a topic can often be the most challenging aspect of any writing which is why you will find twenty potential topics listed below. These are meant as a guide and may or may not be ideally suited to your writing task as they are, but they can nonetheless function as a wonderful starting point for you to come up with a topic that you love: The Benefits of the Enneagram Three Centers of Intelligence The Origins of the Enneagram Personality Type 1: Strengths and Problems Personality Type 2: Higher Emotions Personality Type 3: Speaking Style Personality Type 4: Lower Emotional Habit Personality Type 5: Archetypal Challenge Personality Type 6: Speaking Style Personality Type 7: Strengths and Problems Personality Type 8: Lower Emotional and Higher Emotional Habits Personality Type 9: Archetypal Challenge Heart Personality Types How Understanding Enneagram Personality Types Creates More Compassion The Use Of Automatic Habits and How Enneagram Personality Understanding Stops Their Power What Creates Automatic Actions and Thoughts and How Personality Influences Them Head Personality Types How Each Personality Type Works with the Others (Or Two or Three Personality Types Of Your Choice) Body Personality Types The Effectiveness of the Narrative Tradition with Enneagram Teachings Worldwide Sample Descriptive Essay on the Benefits of the Enneagram Every Enneagram boasts a unique way of acting, feeling, and thinking which come from inner motivations. The Enneagram is a tool for personal transformation by way of greater understanding of the world, an understanding which is meant to transcend cultural, religious, gender, and national differences. Determining one’s personality by way of the Enneagram allows people to better express themselves and understand automatic habits which might interfere with their daily living. Automatic habits, or automatic thoughts, are those responses, those unconscious patterns by which people handicap themselves without realizing it. An event in the past may trigger an unconscious thought pattern that doctors are to be ridiculed for thinking they are gods, something which a person allows to influence their judgment over doctors and anything medically related in the present. By understanding what automatic actions or habits a person has, they can look for the signs of them and begin to work through them so as to lead a more fulfilling life. This results in healthier relationships and a better connection to oneself. If a person automatically assumes their significant other will leave them in the end, as a result of a childhood lesson that formed a habitual thought, then that automatic and unconscious thinking will influence a great many decisions, thoughts, and actions in current relationships. By identifying the root and working past it, individuals can maintain healthier bonds while also coming to understand themselves in a deeper way. Personality is meant to be a way to express oneself, but automatic thoughts and habits can cause people to become stuck. Understanding and alleviating these patterns with the Enneagram allows people to become more flexible and better skilled. Understanding what other people are thinking and feeling allows individuals to become more compassionate and tolerant. This means that individuals can learn not to take the negative reactions of other people as a personal affront. If, for example, an individual learns that their significant other suffers from severe headaches when their blood sugar is low, said individual not listening to a conversation or being rude can be understood as a result of the low blood sugar and severe headache. The individual in question can then avoid taking the rude behavior personally or as a result of anything they did. This level of understanding reaches into the workplace too. If you have a colleague whose parents never acknowledge his worth and are always avoiding praise for his accomplishments and substituting demands for why he has not achieved more, you will better understand why that same colleague is continually seeking praise and recognition for every small accomplishment in the workplace from his colleagues and boss. By recognizing this, you become a more tolerant person, more compassionate toward your work colleague and in lieu of becoming irritated that said individual does not seem as mature as yourself and should be self-sufficient without needing praise from others, you will appreciate their situation and their background and offer praise where necessary. This level of understanding is what allows people to garner a unique ability to better read people’s thoughts, but also the environment. Negative reactions are not taken personally. Identifying emotional defenses and psycholog ical defenses specific to your type allows you to grow and to heal from all situations. In addition to this, it allows you to develop an inner life whereby you recognize the spirit inside of you. With these skills, individual can not only be more mindful of themselves but of others. They can cultivate a deeper understanding of each thought and action, where it stems from and how it influences the self. This type of self-awareness transcends all other boundaries and makes individuals much more cognizant of how their automatic habits influence daily interactions with others, and how others are influenced by their automatic habits too. With this deeper understanding, individuals can garner more compassion toward others, as understanding naturally breeds compassion and that compassion will become contagious in all things. This compassion will improve relationships at home and in the workplace, make communication easier and healthier, and ensure a better understanding of the world in which each person lives, and how they contribute to that world. References: Herman, C. Peter. The Enneagram: Understanding Yourself And The Others In Your Life..PsycCRITIQUES  34.9 (1989): n. pag. Web. Kale, Sudhir H., and Samir Shrivastava. The Enneagram System For Enhancing Workplace Spirituality.  Journal of Mgmt Development  22.4 (2003): 308-328. Web. Levine, Janet.  Know Your Parenting Personality. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons, 2003. Print. Riso, Don Richard, and Russ Hudson.  The Wisdom Of The Enneagram. New York: Bantam Books, 1999. Print. Riso, Don Richard.  Personality Types. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1987. Print. Sayre-Adams, Jean. The Enneagram A Means To Psychological And Spiriutual Awareness.Spirituality Health  4.4 (2003): 24-31. Web. Webb, Karen, and Jo Kyle.  The Enneagram. London: Thorsons, 2001. Print.

Free Essays on Music History Between 1600-1820

Music began to change form the style of the Renaissance to a more complicated form around 1750. The period following the Renaissance is called the Baroque. "Music of any period reflects, in its own way, some of the same influences, tendencies, and generative impulses, that are found in the other arts of that time. Thus the word "baroque," usually used despairingly by eighteenth-century art critics to describe the art and architecture of the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, came to be applied also to the music of the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries." "The term has in the past, and to some extent in the present, carried implications of absurdity, grotesqueness, or abnormality. But as applied to the music of the period of 1600-1750 the term "baroque" has no such pejorative connotations, for much of the music of this time is of the finest quality." The Baroque style is easiest seen in the Baroque churches in Europe. It is obvious in the ceiling and altar paintings, the ornate carvings and metal work, and in the highly expressive sculpture. In music, aspects of the Baroque can are flamboyance, spectacle, and emotionalism in Italian Operas. Also, the use of dramatic in religious music and the massing together of large groups of voices and instruments. Some baroque was seen before 1600 and was seen after 1750 and the early baroque was first seen in the works of Montebverdi and in the Venetian School. The major-minor tonality actually emerged from this period and composers began to note the key within the titles of their music. Also pertinent to Baroque style of music, â€Å"a regular persistent rhythmic pattern was frequently used throughout a movement of an instrumental piece in order to constantly maintain a single basic mood.† The main texture of the Baroque was a similar rhythm in all of the parts with the horizontal motion mostly existing in the bass and soprano. There was also an emphasis on... Free Essays on Music History Between 1600-1820 Free Essays on Music History Between 1600-1820 Music began to change form the style of the Renaissance to a more complicated form around 1750. The period following the Renaissance is called the Baroque. "Music of any period reflects, in its own way, some of the same influences, tendencies, and generative impulses, that are found in the other arts of that time. Thus the word "baroque," usually used despairingly by eighteenth-century art critics to describe the art and architecture of the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, came to be applied also to the music of the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries." "The term has in the past, and to some extent in the present, carried implications of absurdity, grotesqueness, or abnormality. But as applied to the music of the period of 1600-1750 the term "baroque" has no such pejorative connotations, for much of the music of this time is of the finest quality." The Baroque style is easiest seen in the Baroque churches in Europe. It is obvious in the ceiling and altar paintings, the ornate carvings and metal work, and in the highly expressive sculpture. In music, aspects of the Baroque can are flamboyance, spectacle, and emotionalism in Italian Operas. Also, the use of dramatic in religious music and the massing together of large groups of voices and instruments. Some baroque was seen before 1600 and was seen after 1750 and the early baroque was first seen in the works of Montebverdi and in the Venetian School. The major-minor tonality actually emerged from this period and composers began to note the key within the titles of their music. Also pertinent to Baroque style of music, â€Å"a regular persistent rhythmic pattern was frequently used throughout a movement of an instrumental piece in order to constantly maintain a single basic mood.† The main texture of the Baroque was a similar rhythm in all of the parts with the horizontal motion mostly existing in the bass and soprano. There was also an emphasis on...

Critical Incidents Response Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Critical Incidents Response - Assignment Example He is responsible for how, when, where and what functions are to be carried out. The civilian tactical operations are more controlled as the snipers, assault and breaching processes are involved. These operations help in determining the position of the subject and keep an eye on his activities via snipers. However, the risks associated are also high as these operations have zero tolerance for mistakes. A single and minor mistake may lead to great losses like a loss of the life of hostage/victim if the subject escapes the shot or attack. Military combats are uncontrolled and uncertain in the circumstances. Both groups have a definite aim to achieve and both have the power to carry out their missions. It becomes quite difficult to realize the hidden potentials of the opponent and hence, the circumstances may vary as the combat progresses. However, in military combats the opponents have definite aims to achieve and there is no interference of greed, new aims and new values after the combat starts. The aim is fixed and the efforts are made to dominate the opponents. Transportation disasters are not always emergencies as people may have knowledge of the disaster beforehand and they are sometimes preventable. For instance, a person living near a railway line knows the potential risks associated with living there and may take necessary steps to prevent himself and his family from those risks by shifting to a safer place or plan to eliminate the risks of being struck by the train; especially for children. 2. Why is it necessary for all facets of the community (individuals, businesses, non-governmental organizations, governmental organizations, etc.) to be involved in disaster management planning and response? There is no set disaster management plan as the emergencies are unexpected and uncertain. The disaster management plan requires government agencies, individuals, non-governmental

Law Dropbox 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Law Dropbox 5 - Essay Example The law governing statutes of frauds help to mitigate deceitful conduct whereby contracts have long durations or high stakes (Rubin 67). The Statute of frauds requires written contracts in the following situations: The oral agreement between Amy and Bob for a strip of land falls under the Statutes of Frauds law. The Statute has exceptions that would favor the plaintiff (Bob). The exceptions state that the oral contract will be legally binding if; Bob would win the lawsuit and have the deal overturned. Both parties complied with the terms of the contract and the plaintiff suffered from the defendant’s promise that the strip of land would offer him easier access to the country road. Burgers R Us may sue Bob under the Law of Obligations. The obligation was a specific real obligation whereby the obligor (Bob) had a duty to deliver 50 cases of frozen burgers (legal bond) to the obligee (Burgers R Us). The contract was a legal bond between the two parties for the fulfillment of a performance. In a case between Houses R Us and Max, the court would rule in favor of Max (defendant). The laws governing construction of buildings require a house to be constructed safely and without causing any deformation that might impair the stability of the building. Max could argue that such regulations were breached in that; the ceiling was too low, the patio did not drain properly, and the load bearing beams appeared to be gradually weakening due to cracks. Max should seek a remedy for specific performance. Raymond signed a contract to sell the 500 acres to Max. Max honored the contract and paid $500,000 for the land. The contract was legally binding, and Raymond did not honor his part. The circus owners would be seeking an injunction in court. The court may rule in favor of the owners providing a preliminary injunction that would require Rudy the Reptile King to raise the standards of his act. The court’s ruling would mitigate threatened wrongs in order to maintain the

The battle of Trenton Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The battle of Trenton - Essay Example In fact this war served as a morale booster and gave immense confidence to the American army to continue the American revolutionary war even though American army suffered lot of setbacks earlier. One of the major significances of this war is the fact that it occurred in the Christmas night. Hessians and British troops never thought that American army may attack them on that particular day. Moreover, they never anticipated that American troops may try to cross the Delaware River under difficult and risky conditions. However George Washington took the risk of crossing this river using some boats even though the river was filled with ice blocks. British troops and the hessians were taking rest or sleeping while American troops arrived quite unexpectedly. More than one hundred British and hessians soldiers were killed in this battle and the rest were captured live. Not even a single American soldier was killed in this

Hamlet, The Prince of Denmark Essay Example for Free

Hamlet, The Prince of Denmark Essay Much of the dramatic irony and dramatic tension in Shakespeares Hamlet, The Prince of Denmark derives from the interplay between the characters public and private personas. The face that each of the characters shows to the public contrasts with, in most cases, the private persona of the same character. Similarly, the private face or motives of the characters usually stands in diametric opposition to their public persona. The most obvious examples of this dynamic is, are course, the characters of Claudius and Gertrude who must, by necessity, keep up a fraudulent set of public perceptions to cover their crimes of infidelity and murder. These obvious examples, however, are no more profound or integral to the plays thematic impact than the likewise hypocrisies which afflict nearly every other character of the play. The almost universal nature of social mendacity is represented in Hamlet as being,in fact, the source of what is rotten in Denmark. The brilliance of the play exists, in part, in Shakespeares ability to demonstrate the way in which hypocrisy and being two-faced can impact all levels of society and corrupt even friendship and love. In many ways, the cast of characters in Hamlet reflect a social microcosm, with Hamlet, the young Prince, and Ophelia, representing the youth of society and the ghost of Hamlets father, Gertrude, Claudius, and Polonius representing the social establishment and cultural traditions which have fostered ongoing mendacity. From the very opening scene of the play, Shakespeare, with a knack for amazing subtlety, writes the following exchange between Bernardo and Horatio: BERNARDO Say, What, is Horatio there? HORATIO A piece of him. (Hamlet, 1. 1 25-28) Horatios reply indicates, according to critics of the play, that he is referring to the cold night air which has reduced him to a shivering semblance of his former self. However, the line can also be read as a subtle extension of the theme of mendacity adn meant to indicate that even Horatio, who will be revealed throughout the course of the play as a true friend to Hamlet, has been impacted by the rottenness in Denmark, the social hypocrisy which holds all in its sway. Similarly, Polonius, who represents the religious and spiritual aspects of society in the social microcosm of the play, dispenses words of wisdom to Laertes, acting the part of the wise and compassionate patriarch, a man of morals and God. Among his words of wisdom in Act One, Scene Three are the following observations: Beware/ Of entrance to a quarrel, but being in,/ Beart that the opposed may beware of thee. / Give every man thy ear, but few thy voice;/ Take each mans censure, but reserve thy judgment (Hamlet 1. 3, 69-73). Obviously, Polonius fails to live by his own words. He openly intrigues against Hamlet, immersing himself into a quarrel which was not his own, and after doing so, fails to Beart that the opposed may beware of thee (Hamlet 1. 3, 71), but ends up being killed by Hamlet on accident. Key to all of the ironies which are associated with Shakespeares them of social mendacity is the character of Hamlet himself. If the reader or audience member who is experiencing Hamlet believes in the heart that Hamlet is, indeed, mad, then much of Hamlets behavior can be explained by madness. If, on the other hand, the reader or audience member believes that Hamlet is simply presenting yet another social face this one in order to disrupt the hypocrisy of society then Hamlets behavior becomes a method by which Shakespeare examines the heavy toll which is exacted on the individual in a hypocritical society. There is every reason to believe that the latter context is the one which Shakespeare hope to achieve in the play. One good bit of evidence for this supposition is in Act 2, Scene One, when Ophelia, stricken by the state which Hamlet has allowed himself to get into, she voices her concerns to her father, Polonius. Ophelia describes Hamlet with his doublet all unbraced (Shakespeare, 2. 1, 85) and No hat upon his head (Shakespeare 2. 1, 86). His appearance is taken to be an indication of his inner-state, propelling the sense of social facade as serving in place of truth in society. Ophelia concludes that Hamlet appeared as though he had been loosed out of hell/ To speak of horrors,he comes before me (Shakespeare 2. 1, 90-91). The implication is that Hamlets disheveled state must indicate that he is, in fact, mad. Obviously, while Hamlet appears mad to others, he is plotting with great, rational precision to expose what he fears is the crime committed by his mother and his uncle. The sub-text of this is that Hamlet should be mad given the reality of the dilemma he faces. The great irony is, in fact, that he is not mad, but sane which will not allow him to live in a world of lies and hypocrisy. When Claudius and Gertrude react with horror to the play within a play Hamlets response is What, frighted with false fire! (Shakespeare 3. 2, 262) indicating his very rational understanding of the situation and of the reality of social mendacity. At this point, it seems that merely knowing of the hypocrisy is enough for Hamlet because when Claudius responds Give me some light: away! (Shakespeare 3. 2, 265) it is an admission that he, the King, and by association the whole of Denmark exists in darkness which is the darkness of social hypocrisy. Although hypocrisy is never actually justified in Hamlet, there is an interesting reason which is given in Act 4 of the play as to why people may be so easily led into hypocrisy and self-deception and that reason is: human mortality. When Hamlet observes of the dead that Theres another: why may not that be the skull of a / lawyer? Where be his quiddities now, his quillets,/ his cases, his tenures, and his tricks? (Shakespeare, 4. 1, 94-98) the reader or audience member realizes that the human hypocrisy portrayed throughout the play represents not only the lies and deceit necessary to facilitate human ambition in a corrupted society, but the human tendency to reject cosmic issues such as life and death and human spirituality in favor of materialism and worldly power. Works Cited Shakespeare, William. The Works of William Shakespeare Gathered into One Volume. New York: Oxford University Press, 1938.

Cheating and Plagiarism: Academic Dishonesty

Cheating and Plagiarism: Academic Dishonesty Cheating and plagiarism have always been a problem in the society. Especially academics dishonestly have risen in favor of fashion. Universities continue develop honor code to stop cheating from happening, also cheaters come up with new technical to cheat. Nowadays, cell phones have supported students to cheat and websites serve unethical solutions to assignments. What is academic integrity? â€Å"Academic integrity means honesty and responsibility in scholarship. Students and faculty alike must obey rules of honest scholarship, which means that all academic work should result from an individuals own efforts. Intellectual contributions from others must be consistently and responsibly acknowledged. Academic work completed in any other way is fraudulent† ( ). Academic dishonesty occurs usually in many forms: cheating, recycling, fabrication, unauthorized collaboration and plagiarism. These may be accomplished by submitting someone’s work acting as own work, or using unauthorized sources that not allow in exams or assignments. It is important that students should become familiar with what is academic dishonesty and how to avoid it. Cheating is one of the high level academic dishonesty forms. These actions are considered cheating: using unauthorized sources on tests, copying from other students’ assignments or allowing your work to be copy, stealing assignments, test, or projects before tests, or using electronic device when taking tests. Fabrication is just making things up. According to Penn university academic integrity, fabrication is manufacturing sources, information, quotes, or anything else has no place in articles or papers based on analysis, reporting, or a research. Submitting own work which has been graded and submitting again for another courses called recycling. But some instructors may allow using as long as students did themselves, students must not assume that it’s acceptable process. If student want to reuse a same assignment discuss with professor. If professor give permission to use it than revise assignment and check sources and citation, or not using it at all. Unauthorized collaboration is working with partner without permission of instructor and submitted for a grade. In computer science class, students are allowed to discuss projects concepts, but code has to be their own. If students work together and submitted same code separately than it will consider as plagiarism. They have to create their own code if a concept is same that’s fine. Example of cheating, Mia was a student at University of Minnesota. In 2013, she moved Twin cities from another county. It is hard for her to fit in Twin cities because of understand the language, and make new friends. Sometimes it is difficult to do assignments and concentrate on all her classes. Fall 2013, she is taking a biology class. She thought it would be doable class but it turn out pretty tough. Mia studied as hard as she could for the class work and testes. In one of the tests, the answers are to be marked in scantram by blacking out lettered circles on a scantram. The test covered the topics that she didn’t study. She tried her best to finish the test and then hands in. she come back to her desk and await the end of class. Other students are still working on the test. Mark was one of them, he seems to have no problem with the test and he is taking his time to do finish the test. Mia is still waiting for the class to end but between than she saw mark scantram and ther e are many answers different than her. So she trust on mark answers and ask professor for her scantram back, saying that she did not correctly put her student ID number. Professor hand it back scantram, she quickly erases and changes some answers that she saw on Mark’s scantram and turn it back in. Sometime later, the instructor informs her that the proctor saw her change her answers beside student ID number. She is going to be given an â€Å"F† for the test and for the course ( ). Mia has trouble with English isn’t excuse for copying answers from another student. If she having difficulty to catch up with class than she should talk with instructor, or approach another students, or get help from Teacher Assistant. This is clear case of cheating because Mia copied answers from Mark. Mia could ask for extra time to study for the test, or asked about what kind of questions were going to be on the test so she could focus on studies. If we looking from Mia point of view than she is from another country that she probably don’t know the rules or help are available for her. Stress is not considered justifying circumstance, but failure might be. Example of plagiarism, John is undergraduate subject coordinator on intro to programming. The projects require students to submit code with design, implement, and test and debug programs using C++ language (programming language). John knows that students can get code from internet, friends or buy from websites rather than create own code. So he creates an assignment to reduce the opportunities to copy from internet and not doing their work. It is important to that projects will help to build the basic knowledge of programming. Amy was one of John’s colleagues; she asks if she can test her shared code on john’s student assignments john agrees. John thinks his students did their assignments their own, but Amy’s program find 15% of the students copied code from classmates. Sometime, programming assignments have certain common ways to solve the problem. So that didn’t mean that they copied from each other or get from internet because at the beginning level class they don’t have enough knowledge about the ways that they can approach the same solution. But it didn’t mean that students didn’t copied form internet or other students. It’s all depend how accurate Amy program is, if program just looking same character that found in the students assignment than their might chance that students copied, but if programming testing on the algorithms than it’s all depend on the requirements of the assignment. Because if professor assign that student have to includes technique than sure it will be large number will display. There are some situation it’s hard to decide that students done Academic Integrity violations. For example, Kali and Lucy are international students form Narnia and in the same science class. Lucy understands English better than Kali. Lucy works hard to improve Kali’s English vocabulary. Kali tries her best to improve her English, but she is having a hard time accommodating the information because she isn’t sleeping well or eating. During exam, Kali is having trouble understanding what questions are asking for therefore she doesn’t know what to write for the answer. She scared that she’ll fail the class. Kali starts asking Lucy what to do. The TA notices that Kali and Lucy are talking in Narnian and he asks them what they are talking about. So Lucy explain than Kali doesn’t understands what question asking for so she just translating the questions for Kali. The TA asks them not to talk and if Kali has question then she should bring it to him. Kali want to him and TA explain to her but she still didn’t understand what the questions asking for. So she went back to her seat and starts to panic. Few minutes later, they both start talking in Narnian. TA tells them to stop talking, but TA knows Lucy is a smart student but thinks that Lucy might just translate the question but he isn’t sure. So he decides to report to the professor. Lucy risked her grade by not doing as the TA said. Both could get failing grades on the exam. It would have been better if Lucy had talked to the professor about Kali’s problems about understanding English. The professor might suggest to take ESL classes to improve Kali’s English and make new friends or might able to accommodate Kali’s needs better if he had know there was a problem. The professor might give one change to both to re-take exam, if possible with a Narnian translator for Kali to test her knowledge. Because it is a very tough situation that there is change that Lucy might just translate questions to Kali and not gave any answers. So that would be unfair for her to define as academic dishonesty. References http://www.library.illinois.edu/learn/research/academicintegrity.html cheating example http://tutorials.istudy.psu.edu/academicintegrity/academicintegrity_print.html